香菇秸秆栽培配方改良及优良菌株筛选

发布时间：2018-03-13 12:37

本文选题：香菇　切入点：秸秆　出处：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文对来源不同的32株香菇栽培菌株进行营养利用倾向进行初步分析,从而筛选出更适合秸秆栽培的香菇栽培菌株,并以玉米秸秆和高粱秸秆作为栽培基质,部分替代木屑,对比其产量、采收子实体个数、单个子实体重量、菇型等农艺性状,筛选出更适宜香菇的栽培配方。并利用物理诱变(~(60)Co-γ射线辐射诱变)的方法对香菇菌株进行诱变,筛选适宜秸秆栽培的突变菌株。本试验最终目的在于筛选出适宜香菇栽培的草腐化栽培配方和适宜秸秆栽培的香菇菌种,充分利用秸秆资源,节约木质资源,更加合理高效的利用资源,节约成本。1.香菇菌株对秸秆利用能力的初步筛选本试验将来源不同的32株香菇栽培菌株分别在羧甲基纤维素钠培养基(CMC-Na培养基)和木聚糖培养基中进行培养,对各菌株对纤维素和半纤维素的利用能力做出初步的筛选,并利用秸秆粉培养基对上述菌株进行培养,观察不同菌株生长情况的差异,确定其对纤维素、半纤维素的利用能力,最后对供试菌株进行出菇试验,确定其能否稳定出菇。羧甲基纤维素钠培养基和木聚糖培养基培养试验结果表明;在纤维素利用方面,7号菌株利用能力高于其他菌株。在半纤维素利用方面,1号、申9、珍珠菇、6号、2015111202、Cr04利用能力较高。综合各菌株对纤维素和半纤维素的利用情况,1号和795表现较为优秀。在出菇试验时发现,许多菌株不能适应现有的栽培条件,污染率高,所以最终选用出菇稳定,对纤维素和半纤维素利用较好的香菇栽培菌株“武香1号”作为后续配方试验的供试菌株。2.~(60)Co诱变初步选育适宜秸秆栽培的香菇菌株本部分研究目的在于筛选出能更好的利用秸秆作为栽培基质的香菇栽培菌株,供试菌株为香菇栽培菌株“庆20”。本研究分别利用0.4 k Gy、0.6 k Gy、0.8 k Gy三种辐射剂量,剂量率为10 Gy/min的~(60)Co-γ射线处理香菇菌株庆20的菌丝体。将诱变后的菌株与对照菌株进行拮抗试验和SSR分子鉴定,利用拮抗实验筛选出同对照组存在拮抗现象的菌株,为确定其诱变效果,对突变菌株进行纤维素和半纤维素的利用能力的验证,确认其表现同对照菌株存在差异。结果表明辐射剂量为0.4 k Gy时所有菌株致死率为0,0.6 k Gy时致死率为46.7%,0.8 k Gy时致死率达到100%。经过拮抗试验和SSR分子标记的筛选,得到6株突变菌株。~(60)Co-γ射线诱变育种可以初步选育出高效利用秸秆的香菇新菌株,通过羧甲基纤维素钠培养基和木聚糖培养基的培养试验发现,诱变后所得菌株在纤维素和半纤维素利用方面表现较好,优于对照组。3.秸秆栽培配方的筛选为了在后续的配方设计中更有针对性,将后续栽培试验中主要用到的硬杂木木屑(本试验使用的为栎木屑)、高粱秸秆和玉米秸秆进行了成分分析,分析其中木质素、纤维素、半纤维素的含量差异。结果显示,高粱秸秆的半纤维素含量很高,纤维素含量也高于栎木屑和玉米秸秆,木质素占比较低;玉米秸秆中木质素、纤维素、半纤维素含量均较低,但与高粱秸秆相比,木质素占比高于高粱秸秆。以出菇稳定的“武香1号”作为供试菌株,分别以玉米秸秆、高粱秸秆部分或全部替代木屑作为培养基质,并加入不同量的木质素,分别设计4组培养料配方;在纯木屑培养料的基础上添加不同比例的单宁,设计3组配方;以纯木屑培养基为对照组,共12组配方。出菇试验结果表明,在以玉米秸秆为主要栽培料的配方中,2号配方的效果是对较好的,2号配方的效果相对较好,单个子实体重量、总产量、生物学转化率均优于对照组,配方为36%的木屑、36%的玉米秸秆和8%的木质素。;以高粱秸秆为主要栽培基质的配方中,6号配方出菇效果是最好的,产量和生物学转化率是相对较好的,子实体个数、单个子实体的重量和菇形也较好配方为44%的木屑、30%的玉米秸秆和6%的木质素。在添加单宁时,9号配方的产量优于其他组,即在原始木屑培养基的基础下加入1%的单宁,此时子实体的产量和生物学转化率都是相对较好的,子实体数量、单个子实体的重量、总产量均优于对照组。若以品质为评价指标,11号配方单个子实体的重量和大小优于其他配方,具体配方为在对照组的基础上添加3%的单宁。
[Abstract]:The different sources of 32 strains of cultivated strains of letinous edodes nutrition utilization tendency in the preliminary analysis, in order to find out the letinous edodes more suitable for straw cultivation strains of cultivation, and with corn straw and sorghum straw as substrate, partial substitution of sawdust, the harvest yield comparison, number of fruiting bodies, single fruiting body weight, agronomic mushroom type etc. character, cultivation formula is more suitable for letinous edodes. And screened by physical mutagenesis (~ (60) Co- gamma ray radiation mutagenesis) method of mutagenesis on letinous edodes strains, screening suitable straw cultivation mutant strain. The ultimate goal of this experiment is to screen out corrupt grass cultivation formula and suitable cultivation for letinous edodes straw cultivation of letinous edodes strain, make full use of straw resources, saving wood resources, resource utilization more reasonable and efficient, saving the cost of letinous edodes.1. strains on the ability of using straw to preliminary screening of this test will come from different sources The 32 strains of cultivated strains were cultured in letinous edodes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na medium) and xylan medium, make preliminary screening of the strain capacity of using cellulose and hemicellulose, and the use of straw powder medium of the strain culture, to observe the differences of growth in different strains and determine its ability to use cellulose, hemicellulose, the tested strains were fruiting test, to determine whether it can be stable fruiting. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan medium medium test results show that; in cellulose utilization, 7 strains using the capacity higher than that of other strains. In terms of hemicellulose by 1, Shen 9, pearl mushroom, No. 6, 2015111202, Cr04. The comprehensive utilization ability of high strain utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, 1 and 795, the performance is relatively good. Found in the fruiting test, Many strains can not adapt to the cultivation conditions of the existing high pollution rate, so the final selection of fruiting stable strain.2.~ of cellulose and hemicellulose by letinous edodes Cultivated Strains of "better Wuxiang No. 1" as a follow-up test formula for Co mutation (60) preliminary selection of suitable letinous edodes strains straw cultivation this part of the study is to select the better use of straw as letinous edodes Growingmedia cultivated strains, strains for letinous edodes Cultivated Strains of "Qing 20". This study used 0.4 K Gy K, 0.6 Gy, 0.8 K three Gy radiation dose, dose rate of 10 Gy/min ~ (60) Co- gamma ray treatment letinous edodes Qing strain 20. The mycelium induced strains and control strains were antagonistic test and SSR molecular identification, screening with the control group there was antagonism strains by antagonistic experiment, to determine the effect of mutation, mutant strains in cellulose And the ability to use the verification of hemicellulose, confirm its performance with the control strain differences. The results show that the radiation dose of 0.4 K Gy all strains of 0,0.6 mortality for K Gy mortality was 46.7%, 0.8 K Gy fatality rate reached 100%. after screening antagonistic test and SSR molecular marker, 6 mutant strains get ~ (60) Co- gamma ray mutagenesis can preliminary breeding new strains of efficient utilization of straw by letinous edodes, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan based test culture medium showed that the strain induced in the cellulose and hemicellulose utilization performance is better than the control group, screening.3. straw cultivation formula for in the formula design of the follow-up of more targeted, will be mainly used in the subsequent cultivation test in hardwood sawdust (the test used for sawdust), sorghum straw and corn straw were divided into component analysis. The analysis of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content difference. The results showed that hemicellulose content of sorghum straw is very high, the cellulose content was also higher than that of sawdust and corn straw, lignin is relatively low; corn straw lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content are low, but compared with sorghum straw, lignin the proportion is higher than that of sorghum straw mushroom. With stable "Wuxiang No. 1 as tested strains, respectively with corn straw, sorghum straw partially or completely replace sawdust as the culture medium, and the addition of different amounts of lignin, we design 4 tissue culture nourishment formula; in the pure sawdust compost on the basis of adding different proportion tannin, design formula of 3 groups; medium YISHION sawdust as a control group, a total of 12 sets of formulas. Fruiting test results show that in the corn straw as the main cultivation material formulation, formula No. 2 effect is good, the No. 2 Formula The effect is relatively good, single fruiting body weight, total yield, biological conversion rate was better than the control group, the formula 36% sawdust, corn straw and 8% 36% lignin.; with sorghum straw as the main cultivation matrix formula, formula No. 6 mushroom is the best effect, yield and biological conversion relatively, the number of fruiting bodies, the weight and shape of the mushroom single entity is better formula for 44% sawdust, corn straw and 6% 30% lignin. In addition tannin, 9 formulations yield better than the other group, i.e. culture medium in the original wood adding 1% single rather, at this time the yield and biological conversion rate of fruiting body is relatively good, fruiting number, single fruiting body weight, the total yield was better than the control group. In terms of quality as the evaluation index, the weight and size of the No. 11 single entity is better than other sub formula formula, specific formula in On the basis of the control group, 3% tannins were added.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S646.12

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