大菱鲆耐受氨氮胁迫的试验与遗传参数分析

发布时间：2018-03-14 05:31

本文选题：大菱鲆　切入点：氨氮　出处：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)是欧洲重要的名贵海水养殖品种,因其生长快,抗逆性强,营养价值高等优点,于1992年引入我国之后,迅速成为我国北方地区重要的海水养殖品种之一,并创立了“温室大棚+深井海水”的流水式工厂化养殖模式。然而该养殖模式的发展与养殖生态可持续发展的要求相冲突而逐渐受到限制,正努力向封闭式循环水养殖模式过渡。现阶段我国的封闭式循环水养殖模式还在起步阶段,水处理技术相对落后,在集约化养殖过程中极易造成水体中氨氮含量过高,对养殖生产造成很大影响。再加上国内大菱鲆种质资源比较单一、近亲交配、管理不善等原因,种质退化比较严重,出现生长速度缓慢、抗病力弱、白化率高等诸多问题。为保证大菱鲆养殖产业的可持续发展,本实验室十几年来一直致力于大菱鲆的良种选育工作,积累了大量的科学数据,拥有丰富的实验材料。本研究在以往研究工作的基础上,研究了循环水养殖条件下氨氮对大菱鲆的急性毒性效应以及安全浓度,应用一般动物模型评估4月龄大菱鲆的耐氨氮性状遗传力以及耐氨氮性状与生长性状的相关性,比较了育种值选择和表型值选择两种方法的优劣,以期为循环水条件下养殖大菱鲆提供科学指导,同时为选育大菱鲆耐氨氮品系提供理论依据。其具体研究结果如下:1.根据氨氮对大菱鲆的急性毒性效应实验得出:非离子氨对4月龄大菱鲆的24、48、72、96h LC50分别为2.19、1.94、1.80、1.72mg/L,对8月龄大菱鲆的24、48、72、96h LC50分别为3.64、3.02、2.93、2.86mg/L。4月龄和8月龄大菱鲆对非离子氨的安全浓度分别为0.17和0.29mg/L。8月龄大菱鲆明显比4月龄大菱鲆对氨氮的耐受能力更强。氨氮对白化和正常大菱鲆以及氨氮对雌性和雄性大菱鲆的急性毒性效应均没有显著性差异。2.采用氨氮对4月龄大菱鲆的72h LC50浓度,对39个家系共计943尾4月龄大菱鲆进行耐氨氮性状测试,评估生长性状和耐氨氮性状的遗传参数。结果表明:耐氨氮性状遗传力为0.47±0.19,属于高遗传力,其估计值与0相比达到显著水平(P0.05)。具备开展基于表型性状的耐氨氮选育潜力。4月龄大菱鲆耐氨氮性状、体长和体重的相关性分析表明,大菱鲆的耐氨氮性状与体长、体重之间的遗传相关均表现为低度线性正相关,分别为0.01和0.05。耐氨氮性状与体长、体重的表型相关均表现为低度线性负相关,分别为-0.08和-0.04,且统计检验均不显著(P0.05)。其相关性均非常小,说明以耐氨氮性状为选育指标,不会对大菱鲆的体长和体重起到显著的间接选育效果。采用育种值进行选育时的选择效率明显高于使用表型值的选择效率。本研究首次对白化和正常大菱鲆个体以及雌性和雄性大菱鲆个体的耐氨氮能力进行了比较,并且计算了在22.5±1℃条件下氨氮对不同发育阶段大菱鲆个体的半致死浓度和安全浓度。其研究结果为循环水养殖大菱鲆提供科学指导。同时首次评估了大菱鲆耐氨氮性状遗传力以及大菱鲆耐氨氮性状与生长性状的相关性,对下一步大菱鲆耐氨氮品系的选育具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is an important European valuable marine aquaculture species, because of its fast growth, strong resistance, high nutritional value, after the introduction of China in 1992, and quickly became one of the important mariculture species in northern China, and founded the "water plant greenhouse + deep sea water". However, the development of farming model. The breeding patterns and breeding ecological requirements of sustainable development and conflict gradually restricted, efforts are being made to the closed recirculating aquaculture mode. The transition phase in a closed recirculating aquaculture system in China started at the present stage, water treatment technology is relatively backward, extremely easy to cause the high content of ammonia nitrogen in water the intensive breeding process, a great impact on aquaculture. Coupled with the domestic turbot germplasm resources is relatively single, inbreeding, mismanagement and other reasons, a qualitative comparison of degradation There is serious, slow growth, disease resistance is weak, many problems of higher rate. In order to ensure the sustainable development of albino turbot farming industry, breeding work in our laboratory has been committed to the turbot ten years, has accumulated a large amount of scientific data, has a wealth of experimental materials. Based on previous research work on the study of acute toxicity of ammonia recirculating aquaculture conditions of turbot and safe concentration, general application of animal model to evaluate 4 month old turbot Ammonia Resistant trait heritability and correlation of Ammonia Resistant Traits and growth traits, the breeding value selection and phenotypic value selection to the merits of the two methods, in order to provide scientific guidance for circulating water conditions of turbot, and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of turbot ammonia resistant strains. The main results are as follows: 1. according to the ammonia nitrogen on turbot The acute toxicity experiment: 4 month old NH3-N on turbot 24,48,72,96h LC50 respectively 2.19,1.94,1.80,1.72mg/L, 8 month old 24,48,72,96h of turbot LC50 were safe for ammonia concentration of 3.64,3.02,2.93,2.86mg/L.4 months and 8 month old turbot were 0.17 and 0.29mg/L.8 months of age 4 month old is higher than that of turbot turbot stronger tolerance to ammonia. Ammonia nitrogen on acute toxicity the effect of albino and normal turbot and ammonia on male and female turbot. There was no significant difference between the.2. 72h LC50 by ammonia concentration on 4 month old turbot, in 39 families a total of 943 tail 4 month old turbot Resistant Traits of ammonia test, genetic parameters for growth traits and Ammonia Resistant traits. The results showed that the resistance evaluation the heritability of ammonia nitrogen was 0.47 + 0.19 characters, which belongs to the high heritability, the estimated value reached significant level compared with 0 (P0.05). Have carried out the phenotypic traits of Ammonia Resistant breeding potential.4 months turbot Ammonia Resistant Traits Based on the analysis of the correlation between body length and body weight showed that the turbot Ammonia Resistant Traits and body length, body weight between the genetic correlation were of low linear correlation, respectively 0.01 and 0.05. Ammonia Resistant Traits and body length, phenotype the relevant weight showed low linear negative correlation, respectively -0.08 and -0.04, and the statistical tests were not significant (P0.05). The correlation is very small, the Ammonia Resistant Traits for breeding index, not on turbot body length and body weight indirectly play a significant effect. The breeding value of breeding selection efficiency the selection was significantly higher than the efficiency of selection using phenotypic value. This is the first study to compare normal and albino turbot individuals and female and male individuals of turbot ammonia resistant ability, and calculated in the 22.5 + Ammonia under 1 DEG C lethal and safe concentration in different developmental stages of turbot individual half. The results provide scientific guidance for the circulating water of turbot. At the same time, for the first time to estimate the correlation of turbot Ammonia Resistant trait heritability and traits and growth traits of Ammonia Resistant turbot, has a certain reference to the the next step of turbot breeding resistant strains of ammonia.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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