施氮水平对间作玉米生理特性及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-03-18 02:22

本文选题：玉米　切入点：间作　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了改善玉米生产中出现的单作连作导致的病虫害加重、地力退化的现状。本研究以雄玉581、先玉335、恒宇709、松玉419四个品种为试材,采用田间试验和室内实验结合的方法研究玉米间作大豆(4:2)条件下不同氮素水平对玉米生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明:1、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性呈单峰变化,抽雄吐丝期活性最大,之后迅速降低。4个品种变化情况基本一致,间作系统酶活性高于单作,随施氮量的增加酶活性增加。2、硝酸还原酶活性在大喇叭口期最高,之后迅速下降,直到成熟期降到最低。种植模式和施氮水平对酶活性的影响和蔗糖磷酸合成酶一致。3、PEPC羧化酶活性在大喇叭口期最高,之后缓慢下降,抽雄吐丝之后活性迅速降低,直到成熟期降到最低。种植方式和氮水平对酶活的影响与蔗糖磷酸合成酶、硝酸还原酶变化情况一致。4、先玉335、恒宇709和松玉419三个品种的SPAD值随着施肥量的增加而增加,间作模式下SPAD值高于单作。雄玉581在生育前期间作模式下SPAD值高于单作,生育后期单作模式下的值反而高于间作。随着施肥量的增加间作系统SPAD值略低于单作。5、光合速率大喇叭口期最大,乳熟期最低。同一时期同一肥量下,间作光合速率大于单作。同一时期在间作模式下,随着肥量的增加光合速率增加,单作与间作变化趋势一致。同一氮素处理,间作模式下光合速率高于单作。6、灌浆期株高、穗位高、叶面积均表现为随着施氮量的增加而增加,间作模式大于单作模式。7、在同一种植模式下,产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,差异不显著。在同一氮素水平下,间作产量略低于单作。这表明间作系统中玉米的产量与单作玉米相当,而额外收获的大豆提高了经济效益。雄玉581在间作模式下,肥量5条件下产量最高为11334kg/hm2,单作略高于间作为13488kg/hm2。先玉335,产量高低依次为:DF3DF2DF1JF3JF2JF1。单作模式肥量3条件下产量最高为11057kg/hm2,间作模式下肥量3条件下产量为8809kg/hm2,差异不显著。恒宇709与松玉419变化情况与先玉335一致。穗长对产量的影响最小,穗粒数、百粒重、秃尖长对产量均有较大的影响。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the current situation of disease and insect pests caused by single cropping and continuous cropping in maize production, the four varieties Xiongyu 581, Xianyu 335, Hengyu 709 and Songyu 419 were used as test materials in this study. The effects of different nitrogen levels on physiological characteristics and yield of maize under the condition of corn intercropping soybean (4: 2) were studied by field and laboratory experiments. The results showed that the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase showed a single peak change at 1: 1. The enzyme activity of intercropping system was higher than that of single cropping, and the activity of nitrate reductase increased by 0.2 with the increase of nitrogen application, but the activity of nitrate reductase was the highest at the stage of big bell mouth, and then decreased rapidly. The effect of planting pattern and nitrogen application level on enzyme activity was consistent with that of sucrose phosphate synthase. The activity of PEPC carboxylase reached its highest level at the stage of big bell mouth, then decreased slowly, and then decreased rapidly after silking, and the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen application level on enzyme activity was similar to that of sucrose phosphate synthase. The effect of planting pattern and nitrogen level on enzyme activity was the same as that of sucrose phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase. The SPAD values of Xianyu 335, Hengyu 709 and Songyu 419 increased with the increase of fertilization. The SPAD value of Xiongyu 581 was higher than that of monoculture in intercropping mode, and the SPAD value of Xiongyu 581 was higher than that of monoculture in intercropping mode. The SPAD value of intercropping system was slightly lower than that of single cropping system with the increase of fertilization amount, and the photosynthetic rate was the largest in large bell-mouth stage and the lowest in milk-ripening stage. The photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture. In the same period, the photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture. The photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture. At the same time, the photosynthetic rate of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture, and the plant height at filling stage was higher than that of intercropping. The height of ear and leaf area increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the intercropping pattern was larger than that of monoculture pattern. Under the same planting pattern, the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the difference was not significant under the same nitrogen level. The yield of intercropping was slightly lower than that of monoculture, which indicated that the yield of maize in intercropping system was about the same as that of monoculture maize, while the extra harvest of soybean increased the economic benefit. The highest yield was 11334kg 路hm ~ (-2) under 5 fertilizer amount, and the highest yield was 13488kg 路hm ~ (-2) under the condition of fertilizer amount 5. The yield of Xianyu 335was in order of: DF3DF2DF2DF1JF3JF2JF1JF2JF1.The highest yield was 11057kg 路hm ~ (2) under single cropping mode and 8809 kg 路hm ~ (2) under intercropping mode, and the difference was not significant. The variation of Yu709 and Songyu 419 was the same as that of Xianyu 335. The ear length had the least effect on yield. The grain number per spike, 100 kernel weight and the length of bald tip have great influence on yield.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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