观赏草水淹胁迫应答生理机制及雨水净化能力研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 17:55

本文选题：观赏草　切入点：水淹胁迫　出处：《中国科学院武汉植物园》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于城市的过度开发,城市内涝、雨水污染等雨洪问题逐渐成为制约城市可持续发展的主要问题。为解决我国城市雨洪管理中出现的问题,"海绵城市"理论得以应用和发展。植物是海绵设施的关键要素之一,对雨水滞留净化功能、生态功能和美学价值起着至关重要的作用,合理的植物选择与设计是海绵设施能够更好的发挥并长期维持其功能的关键,然而对于海绵设施中植物的水淹胁迫及其雨水净化效果的研究还存在诸多不足。观赏草兼具自然性、季相性、强抗性,不需要额外的人工护理,有望成为海绵城市建设中的理想造景材料。本试验选用国内外形状较好,且在园林绿化中有较大发展潜力的10种观赏草:花叶芦竹(Arundo donax Variegata')、拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)、小盼草(Chasmanthium latifolium)、矮蒲苇(Cortaderia selloana'Pumila')、斑叶芒(Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus')、沙生蔗茅(Saccharum ravennae)、阿齐薹草(Carex argyi)、矮丛薹草(Carex callitrichos var.nana)、异鳞薹草(Caarex heterolepis)及扁杆薹草(Carexplaniculmis)。使用盆栽浸水法对10种观赏草进行72h水淹胁迫及胁迫后恢复试验,测定观赏草材料处理及对照组的生理指标,包括:质膜透性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量和最大光化学量子产量,比较分析不同观赏草的抗水淹胁迫能力及胁迫后的恢复能力。通过模拟雨水水培试验,分析比较10种观赏草对模拟雨水中总氮、总磷及化学需氧量的去除率,研究不同观赏草的雨水水质净化能力;采用隶属函数法对这10种观赏草的耐水淹性及雨水净化能力进行较客观的评价。1.10种观赏草耐水淹胁迫的综合排名为:花叶芦竹矮蒲苇斑叶芒小盼草沙生蔗茅阿齐薹草异鳞薹草拂子茅扁杆蔓草矮丛薹草;2.10种观赏草水淹胁迫后恢复能力的综合排名为:扁杆薹草矮丛薹草花叶芦竹拂子茅斑叶芒沙生蔗茅小盼草阿齐薹草矮蒲苇异鳞薹草。3.10种观赏草雨水净化能力的综合排名为:花叶芦竹矮蒲苇斑叶芒小盼草沙生蔗茅拂子茅阿齐薹草异鳞薹草扁杆薹草矮丛薹草;4.10种观赏草耐水淹胁迫及雨水净化能力的综合排名为:花叶芦竹矮蒲苇斑叶芒小盼草沙生蔗茅阿齐薹草拂子茅扁杆薹草异鳞薹草矮丛薹草。在10种观赏草中,禾本科的6种观赏草的综合表现大多都比莎草科4种观赏草的综合表现好;高大型的观赏草比大多中等型的观赏草表现好,低矮型观赏草表现最差。
[Abstract]:Due to the overdevelopment of the city, the urban waterlogging, The problem of rain flood such as Rain Water pollution has gradually become the main problem restricting the sustainable development of cities. In order to solve the problems in urban rain flood management in China, the theory of "sponge city" has been applied and developed. Plant is one of the key elements of sponge facilities. The ecological function and aesthetic value play an important role in Rain Water's retention and purification function. Reasonable plant selection and design is the key to make sponge facilities better play and maintain its function in the long term. However, there are still many deficiencies in the study of waterflooding stress of plants in sponge facilities and the purification effect of Rain Water. Ornamental grasses are both natural, seasonal and resistant, and do not require additional artificial care. It is expected to be an ideal landscape material for sponge city construction. And there are 10 ornamental grasses with great potential for development in garden greening: Arundo donax Variegata, Calamagros epigeiosch, Chasmanthium latifolium, Cortaderia selloana Pumilaer, Miscanthus sinensis Zebrinusus, Saccharum ravennaeae, Carex argiyii, Carex callitrichos var. nana. Caarex heterolepis) and Carex planiculmisus. Ten species of ornamental grass were subjected to 72 h water flooding stress and recovery test. Physiological indexes of ornamental grass treated and control group were determined, including plasma membrane permeability, soluble sugar content, proline content, malondialdehyde content and maximum photochemical quantum yield. The ability of resisting water flooding stress and restoring ability of different ornamental grass were compared and analyzed. The removal rates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand of 10 ornamental grasses were analyzed and compared by simulating Rain Water hydroponic experiment, and compared the removal rates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand of 10 ornamental grasses. The water quality purification ability of different ornamental grass Rain Water was studied. Objective evaluation on the waterlogging tolerance and purifying ability of Rain Water by the method of membership function. 1.10 ornamental grasses are ranked as follows: the comprehensive rank of water flooding tolerance of 10 ornamental grasses is as follows: Azzie, Lithopsis communis, Phragmites australis, Phragmites australis, Rhizoma phyllostachys, et al. The comprehensive ranking of the recovery ability of 2.10 ornamental grasses under water flooding stress is as follows: Carex platyphylla, Carex spp., Mosaic, Mosaic, Bamboo brushwood, Machedra, Mawangliang, small Panamanthus, Azygopsis davidii, Phragmites australis, Thunb, et al., et al., et al., et al., china. The comprehensive ranking of the purifying ability of Rain Water, a kind of ornamental grass, is as follows: phragmites phyllostachys phyllostachys, phragmites, small Panamarpus rugosa, Flos arundinacea, Flos artemifera, Lichenophora heterophyllus, Carex albicans, Carex alophora, 4.10 species of ornamental grass tolerant to water flooding stress and rain. The comprehensive ranking of water purification ability is as follows: Phragmites phyllostachys phyllostachys, small Panamarpus sphaeracea, Sugarcane, Azigma, Festuca, Festuca, Carex vulgaris, Carex heterophyllus, among the 10 ornamental grasses, The comprehensive performance of 6 ornamental grasses of Gramineae was better than that of four ornamental grasses of Cyperaceae, and that of high and large ornamental grasses was better than that of most medium ornamental grasses, and that of low ornamental grasses was the worst.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院武汉植物园
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688

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