荸荠采收机设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:42

本文选题：荸荠　切入点：物料特性　出处：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：荸荠既可作为蔬菜食用也可作为水果食用,深受人们的喜爱。荸荠也是一种易种植、产量高、难收获的农产品。目前,我国主要依靠人工使用平板铁锹挖掘采收荸荠,该种收获方式存在破损率高、损失大、劳动强度大,效率低等问题。而国内外关于荸荠采收机械的研究甚少,相应的适用采收机械装备尚属空白。因此,研制一种结构紧凑、工作可靠、采收效果好的荸荠采收机,对推进我国荸荠资源的综合开发利用具有一定的意义。本论文主要研究内容如下:(1)通过对荸荠物理机械特性的试验研究,获得荸荠在受压、受剪切时力—位移之间的关系曲线。试验结果表明:破坏极限在同一压缩速率下从大到小的关系依次是孝感荠的轴向破坏极限、庐江荠轴向破坏极限、孝感荠径向破坏极限、庐江荠径向破坏极限;破坏能的大小关系破坏极限趋势相一致;荸荠品种、压缩方向以及荸荠品种和压缩方向之间的交互作用对破坏极限呈极显著性差异,压缩速率对破坏极限呈显著性差异,而荸荠品种与压缩速率之间的交互作用对破坏极限不显著;荸荠不同部位的抗剪切强度由大到小的关系依次为轴向部位、径向部位、距边缘10mm处。(2)根据荸荠生长特点,设计出两种适用于荸荠采收的机器结构:依据水田作业状态,设计出满足水田收获方式的荸荠采收机,运用相关的三维软件完成了整机结构模型的建立和构件之间干涉的检查;依据旱地作业状态,设计出满足旱地收获方式的荸荠采收机,运用相关的三维软件完成了整机结构模型的建立和构件之间干涉的检查。通过对荸荠种植大区的实地考察,了解当地荸荠的种植规模、土壤状况,对比两种荸荠采收机的优缺点以及农民对荸荠采收效果的需求,最终选择以旱地荸荠采收机作为本课题的荸荠采收方案。(3)确定旱地荸荠采收机整机的结构尺寸、牵引功率和传动系统相关参数。同时对其关键部件进行相应的设计和参数计算:第一阶面倾角为150、第二阶面倾角为250的二阶铲面,铲刃斜角为140,铲长为0.31m,挖掘铲总宽为0.7m的组合式T型铲;链速为2.5m/s的杆条式升运链;抖动频率为11.769Hz的冲击式三头抖动轮;搅动板线速度为7.41m/s的第二搅动装置分离装置(第一搅动装置转速大于第二搅动装置);从动件行程为0.02m的后置凸轮抖动装置;设计了相应的悬挂装置和限深装置。(4)试制该荸荠采收机并进行相应的田间预试验,测试所设计的样机在田间作业时的可靠性,稳定性,及时发现样机所存在的问题。开展田间全面试验,验证采收机的作业性能。其试验结果表明:当拖拉机输出轴转速为540r/min、前进速度为慢3档、挖掘深度为10cm时,该荸荠采收机的采收效果较佳,其损失率5%、伤果率6%,基本达到相关的技术规范;对于要求挖掘深度在20cm时,其最佳的采收组合是拖拉机的输出轴转速为540r/min、前进速度为慢2档,其损失率6%、伤果率7%,采收效果也基本达到相关的技术规范。
[Abstract]:Water chestnuts can be eaten as a vegetable can be used as edible fruits, loved by the people. The water chestnut is a kind of easy cultivation, high yield, difficult to harvest agricultural products. At present, China mainly rely on artificial plate shovels harvest water chestnut, the harvest has high breakage rate, high loss, high labor intensity, problem the efficiency is low. And the domestic and foreign research on water chestnut harvest machinery Limited, applicable recovery machinery and equipment is still blank. Therefore, the development of a compact structure, reliable work, good effect of water chestnut harvest harvesting machine, which has a certain significance to promote the comprehensive development and utilization of water chestnut chestnut resources in China. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) through the experimental study on mechanical characteristics of water chestnut physical, get in the water chestnut by compression, shear force displacement relation curve. The experimental results show that the damage limit at the same compression rate from The relationship is in turn to small axial damage limit Xiaogan Ji, Lujiang Ji axial damage limit, Xiaogan mustard radial damage limit, Lujiang mustard radial damage limit; damage size relationship can be consistent with ultimate trend; water chestnut varieties, the interaction between the compression direction and the direction of compression and water chestnut varieties showed significant differences on failure the limit on the rate of compression failure limit has significant difference, and the interaction between water chestnut varieties and compression rate of failure limit is not significant; the relationship between shear strength of different parts of water chestnut from big to small in turn for the axial position, radial position, from the edge of 10mm. (2) based on the growth characteristics of water chestnut, design two suitable for water chestnut harvest machine structure: Based on the field working condition, designed to meet the water chestnut harvest paddy harvesting machine, using 3D software related to the whole structure model The interference check between the establishment and the component; according to dry operating state, designed to meet the water chestnut harvest harvest dry machine, using 3D software to complete the related interference check is established between the structure and component of the model. Through the investigation of water chestnut plant area, soil conditions to understand the local water chestnut planting scale. A comparison of two water chestnut harvest machine and the advantages and disadvantages of farmers of water chestnut harvest effect on demand, the final choice to dry water chestnut harvest machine as the water chestnut Harvest Program. (3) to determine the structure size of dryland water chestnut harvest whole machine machine, traction power transmission system and the relevant parameters. And the key parts design and parameters the corresponding calculation: first order angle is 150, the second order angle of order two shovel surface 250, blade angle is 140 0.31m long, shovel shovel, total width of combined T 0.7m type shovel Chain speed; bar type 2.5m/s elevator chain; jitter frequency is 11.769Hz the impact of type three head shaking wheel; stir plate line speed of second 7.41m/s agitating device separation device (first stirring device speed greater than second; stirring device) for post stroke of the follower cam shaking 0.02M device; design of suspension device and the corresponding depth limiting device. (4) trial of the water chestnut harvest machine and field pre test, reliability test, prototype design works in the field of stability, timely discover prototype problems. To carry out field comprehensive test, validation harvesting machine. The performance test results show that when the tractor the output shaft speed is 540r/min, the speed is slow 3 stalls, mining depth is 10cm, the water chestnut harvest harvester is better, the loss rate of 5%, if a rate of 6%, basically reached the relevant technical specifications for mining depth; At 20cm, the best harvest combination is the output shaft speed of the tractor is 540r/min, and the forward speed is slower than the 2 gear. The loss rate is 6%, the fruit injury rate is 7%, and the harvest effect is basically up to the relevant technical specifications.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S225

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