超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种生理和农艺性状的影响

发布时间：2018-03-26 05:53

  本文选题：超高产大豆　切入点：嫁接　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以来自相同的祖先亲本(Williams和Amsoy)且地理纬度相同的美国俄亥俄州(38.45～41.22° N)和中国辽宁省(38.55～42.32° N)不同年代育成的11个代表性大豆品种为接穗,于子叶期分别与超高产大豆品种辽豆14和中黄35的砧木进行嫁接,以11个不同年代育成品种的自身嫁接处理与不嫁接处理作为对照。在盆栽条件下,测定大豆的根系生理性状、叶片光合生理性状、叶片保护酶活性、各器官的养分含量、植株农艺性状和品质性状。探讨嫁接超高产品种砧木对不同年代育成品种形态、生理、产量和品质的影响,试图明确根系改良对产量形成的重要性,从而揭示根系改良在大豆育种中的作用。研究结果如下:1.超高产大豆根系的生理功能优势以超高产品种做砧木进行嫁接处理,会对不同年代育成品种的根系伤流液重量和根系活力产生显著影响。与品种自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种辽豆14砧木或中黄35砧木上后,其R5和R6期的根系伤流液重量和根系活力得到显著提高。由此说明,超高产品种辽豆14和中黄35在生殖生长期具有较强的根系生理活性。2.超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种光合生理的影响叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值均呈单峰曲线变化,其中,光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率于R2期达到高峰值,叶色值于R4期达到高峰值,而后开始呈下降趋势。R5至R6期间,不同年代育成品种嫁接到自身砧木上后,植株叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值平均每天分别下降1.43%、3.67%、3.38%和0.82%,而嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,植株相应地平均每天分别下降了 1.11%、3.26%、2.05%和0.48%。即嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,鼓粒期叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶色值的下降速率显著降低。由此说明,根系改良能够使不同年代育成品种的叶片在生殖生长期仍保持较高的光合特性。3.超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种叶片保护酶活性的影响以超高产品种做砧木进行嫁接处理,会对不同年代育成品种鼓粒期叶片的保护酶活性产生极显著影响。SOD活性和POD活性在嫁接处理与品种间的互作效应达显著水平。与品种自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,不同年代育成品种的SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量分别提高了 19.69%、83.29%、61.17%和30.22%。4.超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种养分吸收和积累的影响以超高产品种做砧木进行嫁接处理,对不同年代育成品种各器官的氮、磷、钾的百分含量影响趋势大致相同。与品种自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,不同年代育成品种茎秆与籽粒的氮、磷、钾的百分含量与积累量均得到了提高。其中,当代品种的增幅大于共同亲本和中期品种。与品种自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,不同年代育成品种的氮、磷、钾的单株积累量分别提高了 12.01%、10.73%、4.18%,收获指数分别提高了 0.54%、0.39%和7.29%,而利用效率则分别下降了 5.67%、2.65%和 3.82%。5.超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种农艺和品质性状的影响以超高产品种做砧木进行嫁接处理,对不同年代育成品种植株的形态性状无显著影响,对产量和品质性状存在影响。与品种自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,共同亲本、俄亥俄中期、辽宁中期、俄亥俄当代和辽宁当代品种的单株产量分别提高了 4.5%、6.9%、9.4%、15.7%和19.9%。嫁接到超高产大豆砧木上后,不同年代育成品种的单株产量的提高主要归因于单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、百粒重和粒茎比的显著提高。与品种自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上后,不同年代育成品种的蛋白质含量显著提高了 1.32%,当代品种的增幅大于中期品种和共同亲本,但脂肪含量平均降低了 0.32%。
[Abstract]:From the same ancestor since this study (Williams and Amsoy) and the same latitude in the American state of Ohio (38.45 ~ 41.22 N) and Liaoning province China (38.55 ~ 42.32 N) of 11 representative soybean varieties bred in different eras as scion in cotyledon stage respectively with super high yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 and 35 yellow rootstock were grafted to 11 different cultivars and its grafting grafting treatment as control. Under the condition of pot cultivation, root physiological traits measured in soybean, photosynthetic physiological traits, leaf protective enzyme activities, nutrient content of different organs, traits and quality traits of plants study of super high yield. The agronomic grafting Rootstocks on different cultivars in morphology, physiology, yield and quality, trying to clear the importance of root improvement on the yield formation, so as to reveal the role of root improvement in soybean breeding research. The results are as follows: 1. super high yield soybean root physiological function advantage with super high yielding rootstocks grafting treatment on different years root varieties of SAP weight and root vigor significantly. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield Liaodou 14 rootstocks or yellow 35 the stock after the R5 root injury and R6 stage SAP weight and root activity was improved significantly. Therefore, super high yield Liaodou 14 and yellow 35 in the reproductive growth stage has.2. strong root physiological activity of super high yielding soybean rootstock cultivars in different years affected the photosynthetic physiology of leaves the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value showed a single peak curve. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate in R2 reached the peak, the leaf color value in R4 reached the peak, and then began to decline.R During the period of 5 to R6 in different cultivars grafted onto its rootstock, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value per day decreased 1.43%, respectively 3.67%, 3.38% and 0.82%, and grafted to the super high yield varieties rootstocks, corresponding plants decreased average daily 1.11%, 3.26%, 2.05% and 0.48%. is grafted to the super high yield varieties rootstock, pod leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value decrease rate decreased significantly. Therefore, the blade root improvement can make different kinds of times bred in the reproductive growth remains high.3. photosynthetic characteristics of super high yielding soybean stocks on different years of protective enzyme activity of Wheat leaves in super high yield varieties rootstock grafting, of different cultivars in seed filling stage of leaf protective enzyme activity produced significantly. Ring significantly.SOD activity and POD activity in the interaction between varieties and grafting effect. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield rootstocks, different cultivars of SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content were increased by 19.69%, 61.17% and 83.29%. 30.22%.4. super high yielding soybean stocks on different years of accumulation and absorption of nutrients in super high yield varieties rootstocks grafting treatment for different years in different organs of species of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content influence trend roughly the same. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, super high yield rootstock, in different varieties of stem and grain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content accumulation had been improved. Among them, the contemporary varieties increased by more than the common parent and mid varieties. Varieties of their own and do. Compared with wood plants grafted to super high yield varieties rootstocks, different in varieties of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation per plant were increased by 12.01%, 10.73%, 4.18%, harvest index were increased by 0.54%, 0.39% and 7.29%, while the use efficiency is decreased by 5.67%, 2.65% and 3.82%.5. of super high yielding soybean effect of Rootstocks on different years agronomic and quality traits in super high yield varieties rootstocks for grafting of different years, refined plant morphological traits had no significant effects, effects on Yield and quality traits. Compared with varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield stock, common parents, Ohio middle, mid Liaoning, Ohio and Liaoning contemporary contemporary yield varieties were increased by 4.5%, 6.9%, 9.4%, 15.7% and 19.9%. grafted to super high yield soybean rootstock, bred in different ages The yield per plant varieties increased mainly due to the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed number per plant, increased 100 seed weight and seed stem ratio. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield rootstocks, different years protein content cultivars significantly increased by 1.32% the increase is greater than the middle of contemporary varieties, varieties and common parent, but the average fat content decreased by 0.32%.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S565.1
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本文编号：1666622