连作对兰州百合生理特性及土壤环境效应的影响

发布时间：2018-03-27 15:50

本文选题：百合　切入点：连作　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)是中国特有的“药食同源”甜百合,也是甘肃兰州南部二阴山区支柱产业。由于其生长周期长、适生区狭窄、土地资源有限和利益驱动等诸多因素使其复种指数加大,加之其不耐连作,导致连作障碍十分严重:品种退化、病害大发生、产量和品质下降。以上问题严重制约了兰州百合产业化发展,成为亟待解决的生产实际问题。本文以从未种植过兰州百合的种植田为对照,前茬为连作3、6和9年兰州百合田四个处理,在百合生育期间对植株生长、叶片光合色素、荧光特性、抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节物质、干物质积累和产量进行测定,同时测定百合根际土壤理化性质和酚酸类物质变化,揭示百合连作障碍产生规律和机理,为未来克服百合连作障碍、合理制定生产计划、培育高产优质百合提供理论依据。现得出结论如下:1.连作显著抑制了兰州百合生长,叶面积减小,光合色素含量降低,叶片最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、实际光化学效率Fv'/Fm'和实际光量子产量ΦPSⅡ下降,光合作用显著下降,干物质积累减少,鳞茎单重减少,百合产量降低。2.连作显著降低了兰州百合叶片可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性,提高了叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量,且随着连作茬数增加程度加剧。连作能引起百合体内活性氧代谢失调,引发其它生理代谢紊乱,从而影响连作百合的干物质积累和产量形成。3.随着连作年限增加,土壤pH值、含盐量上升,有盐碱化趋势;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量增加,速效钾含量减少,土壤养分失衡;过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性降低,脲酶和碱性磷酸酶增加。4.兰州百合连作根际土壤中共检测到11种酚酸类物质,即含量大于1μgg~(-1)的对香豆酸乌头酸苯甲酸香草酸邻苯二甲酸;含量介于0.1~1μgg~(-1)之间的原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香兰素、肉桂酸和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚;含量低于0.1μgg~(-1)的阿魏酸。随生育期推进,对香豆酸、肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、香兰素、苯甲酸和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚先增加后减少;邻苯二甲酸和阿魏酸逐渐减少。随连作年限增加,香草酸、邻苯二甲酸、香兰素、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸积累。连作3、6和9年百合根际土壤中对香豆酸含量比CK显著高158.4%、329.2%和242.86%;连作6年和9年百合根际土壤中肉桂酸含量比CK,连作3年显著高50%和55.56%,12.5%和16.67%。连作9年百合根际土壤中阿魏酸含量是CK、连作3年和连作6年的3倍。连作3、6和9年兰州百合根际土壤中香草酸含量比CK显著高20.74%、6.38%和14.36%;连作3、6和9年兰州百合根际土壤中邻苯二甲酸含量比CK显著高138.16%、178.95%和168.42%。连作3、6和9年兰州百合根际土壤中香兰素含量比CK显著高120.69%、43.10%和115.52%。综上所述,兰州百合连作田土壤盐碱化、养分失衡、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性降低、酚酸类物质积累,生长受到抑制,光合色素含量降低,光合能力下降,叶片活性氧代谢失调,干物质积累减少,鳞茎单重下降,产量降低。因此,在兰州百合生产上最多连作6年,要积极合理轮作倒茬,并通过合理施肥等措施改善土壤环境,从而减轻连作障碍,实现兰州百合高产优质栽培。
[Abstract]:Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var.unicolor) is Chinese unique "edible" sweet lily, also in Gansu Lanzhou two Southern District Yinshan pillar industry. Because of the long growth cycle, suitable area is narrow, many factors limited land resources and the interests of the driving cropping index increased, and the resistance to continuous cropping, continuous cropping obstacles are serious: variety degeneration, high disease, the decline in yield and quality. These problems seriously restrict the development of the industrialization of Lanzhou lily, become the production of practical problems need to be solved. In this paper, planted Lanzhou lily to never planted as control, the stubble for continuous cropping 3,6 and 9 years Lanzhou bihoteam four, growth the plants in the lily growth period, leaf photosynthetic pigment, fluorescent properties, antioxidant system, osmotic adjustment, dry matter accumulation and yield were determined. The simultaneous determination of physicochemical properties of Rhizosphere Soil and Lily Change of phenolic acids, reveal the regularity and mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle of lily, lily for the future to overcome continuous cropping obstacles, reasonable production plan, provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of high yield and quality of lily. Conclusions are as follows: 1. continuous cropping significantly inhibited the growth of Lanzhou lily, leaf area decreased, photosynthetic pigment content of leaves decreased, the maximum photochemical efficiency of Fv/Fm and the actual photochemical efficiency of Fv'/Fm'and the actual quantum yield of PS II decreased photosynthesis decreased significantly, reduced dry matter accumulation, the single bulb weight reduced, lily production decreased significantly reduced the.2. continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily leaf soluble protein content and SOD, POD, CAT activity, MDA and proline content increased, and with the number of cropping increase the degree aggravated. Continuous cropping can lead to active oxygen metabolism in Lily caused other physiological disorders, metabolic disorders, and the effects of continuous cropping on the dry matter accumulation of Lily And the yield of.3. with continuous cropping years increasing, soil pH value, salt content increased, with the trend of salinization; soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus content increased, reduce the content of available potassium, soil nutrient imbalance; reduce the activity of catalase and invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase increased.4. in Rhizosphere of continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily were detected in soil of 11 kinds of phenolic acids, the content is more than 1 g? G~ (-1) of p-coumaric acid, aconitic acid benzoic acid, vanillic acid phthalate two formic acid; content between 0.1~1 G? G~ (-1) between protocatechuic acid, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, and 2,4- Di tert butyl phenol; content of less than 0.1 g? G~ (-1) ferulic acid. With the advance of the growth stage, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, benzoic acid and 2,4- Di tert butyl phenol increased first and then decreased; two phthalic acid and ferulic acid with gradually reduced. The increase of continuous cropping years, Vanillic acid, phthalic acid two, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid. The accumulation of 3,6 and 9 years of continuous cropping Lily in the rhizosphere soil of p-coumaric acid was significantly higher than CK 158.4%, 329.2% and 242.86%; 6 and 9 years of continuous cropping of cinnamic acid content in Lily rhizosphere soil than CK. 3 years of continuous cropping were higher 50% and 55.56%, 12.5% and 16.67%. 9 years of continuous cropping of ferulic acid content in Lily rhizosphere soil is CK, 3 times 3 years of continuous cropping and continuous cropping for 6 years and 9 years of continuous cropping. 3,6 Lanzhou Lily rhizosphere soil CK was significantly higher than the vanillic acid content of 20.74%, 6.38% and 14.36%; continuous cropping and 3,6 9 years of Lanzhou Lily in the rhizosphere soil of the adjacent benzene two formic acid content was significantly higher than the CK 138.16%, 168.42%. 178.95% and 3,6 and 9 years continuous cropping of Lanzhou Lily in the rhizosphere soil of CK was significantly higher than the content of vanillin was 120.69%, 43.10% and 115.52%. in Lanzhou Lily cropping soil salinization, nutrient imbalance, catalase and invertase activity Reduce the accumulation of phenolic acids inhibited the growth, photosynthetic pigment content decreased, photosynthetic capacity decreased, leaf active oxygen metabolism disorders, reduced dry matter accumulation, single bulb weight decreased and the yield decreased. Therefore, in Lanzhou lily production up 6 years of continuous cropping, should actively rational rotation, and improve soil environment through the reasonable fertilization measures, so as to reduce the continuous cropping obstacle, achieve high yield and high quality cultivation of Lanzhou lily.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S682.29

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