不同玉米自交系对盐胁迫的响应及其耐盐性鉴定

发布时间：2018-03-30 08:00

  本文选题：玉米自交系　切入点：盐胁迫　出处：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究玉米自交系在盐胁迫下的响应规律,筛选耐盐材料,构建耐盐鉴定技术体系,为宁夏银北地区盐碱地玉米适应性栽培,玉米耐盐性评价提供理论依据。本试验以来自不同区域的玉米自交系为材料,采用室内模拟盐胁迫和田间试验相结合的方式研究了玉米自交系不同生育时期对盐胁迫的响应规律,分别测定了发芽率、发芽势、盐害率、耐盐指数、株高、茎粗、叶面积、生物量、膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶活性等形态和生理生化指标;光合参数、产量及产量构成的变化规律;揭示了玉米自交系对盐胁迫的响应规律,且在上述研究基础上通过两种鉴定方法的比较构建玉米耐盐性鉴定技术体系,筛选耐盐材料。主要研究结果如下:1、室内不同自交系种子萌发试验结果表明:盐胁迫会抑制玉米自交系种子的萌发,经隶属函数综合分析,对72份玉米自交系材料的耐盐性强弱做出评价,得到10份耐盐材料114/A,秦青农/05m、H816、KH207、春 2-1、辽 3162,77、L172、F140、北 6、KH831、L277 自交。盐胁迫下自交系的发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽势下降,盐胁迫浓度越大,下降幅度越大,耐盐材料的下降幅度低于敏盐材料。2、室内盆栽试验结果表明:盐胁迫会抑制玉米自交系幼苗的生长,亦会导致其生理生化指标发生变化,依各指标综合评价结果得到10份耐盐材料F140、春2-1、A27-1、1583、KH207、H482、114/A,秦青农/05m、A27-2-1、A27-4-2、B13。玉米幼苗的苗高、茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量、生物量均随胁迫程度的增加而下降,且对地下部的影响大于地上部,从而引起根冠比增加;玉米自交系叶片的生理生化指标亦发生明显的变化来降低盐对其伤害,细胞膜透性增大,脯氨酸、丙二醛含量显著增加,抗氧化酶活性显著提高,且耐盐材料的变化幅度小于敏盐材料。3、田间试验结果表明:盐胁迫对不同生育时期玉米自交系的形态、光合及产量产生显著影响,依田间试验耐盐性综合评价结果可得4份高度耐盐玉米自交系材料:KH207、KH831、A27-2-1、F140。盐胁迫下,不同生育时期玉米自交系的生长受到抑制,株高、茎粗下降;净光合速率、叶绿素含量、有机物生产能力下降,产量降低,盐胁迫浓度与产量显著负相关,耐盐材料的产量高于敏盐材料。随着盐胁迫浓度的增加玉米自交系材料的净光合速率、气孔导度降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度上升,蒸腾速率加剧,耐盐材料的变化幅度低于敏盐材料。玉米出苗至拔节期对盐胁迫不敏感,耐盐性较强。玉米大喇叭口期是玉米最耐盐的生育时期,开花期是玉米对盐胁迫最敏感,最不耐盐的生育时期。玉米灌浆期对盐胁迫的敏感性、耐盐能力小于大喇叭口期,高于开花期。4、通过主成分分析得到耐盐鉴定技术体系:在本试验条件下,0.3%的NaCl溶液为萌发期耐盐性鉴定适宜浓度,耐盐指数、相对发芽率、相对盐害率、发芽率为适宜指标。0.45%的NaCl溶液为室内盆栽耐盐性鉴定适宜浓度,茎粗、单叶面积、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、含水量为适宜指标。株高、茎粗、SPAD、出苗率为玉米自交系出苗期耐盐性鉴定适宜指标。株高为玉米自交系拔节期耐盐性鉴定适宜指标。株高、SPAD、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)为玉米自交系大喇叭口期耐盐性鉴定适宜指标。株高、茎粗、Pn为玉米自交系开花期耐盐性鉴定适宜指标。株高、茎粗、SPAD、Pn为玉米自交系灌浆期耐盐性鉴定适宜指标。叶片持绿性、行粒数、单穗产量、产量为玉米自交系成熟期耐盐性鉴定适宜指标。土壤全盐含量为5.76g/kg,可以作为玉米自交系田间耐盐性鉴定适宜浓度。5、综合三种鉴定结果可得:玉米自交系材料KH207、F140、H482、北6、1583的耐盐性较强,可在后续试验中进行耐盐玉米新品种选用及玉米盐碱地栽培研究。6、在本试验条件下,材料KH207、L488、L277自交、7922适宜在含盐量为3.91 g/kg 土壤条件下栽培;材料L172、H482、B13、F140、春2-1适宜在含盐量为5.76g/kg的土壤条件下栽培,材料A27-2-1、H816、亚8-2-2、114/A,秦青农/05m、1583适宜在含盐量为7.97g/kg的土壤条件下栽培。
[Abstract]:On the response of Maize Inbred Lines under salt stress, salt tolerance, salt tolerance identification technology system construction, corn adaptability cultivation of saline soil in Ningxia northern area, Maize Salt Tolerance Evaluation and provide a theoretical basis. In this experiment, from different regions of maize inbred lines as materials, by indoor simulation and salt stress the field test is studied by the way of combining maize inbred lines at different growth stages on response of salt stress, were determined in the germination rate, germination potential, salt damage rate, salt tolerance index, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, biomass, membrane permeability, MDA, proline, morphology and physiological and biochemical indexes of resistance enzyme activity; photosynthetic parameters, variation of yield and yield components; reveals the responses of salt stress of maize inbred lines, and the comparison through two kinds of identification methods based on the research on the construction of the salt tolerance identification of maize. Operation system, selection of salt tolerant materials. The main results are as follows: 1. The interior of different inbred lines in seed germination test results showed that salt stress could inhibit the germination of maize seed, through comprehensive analysis of membership function, to make the evaluation of the strength of the salt tolerance of 72 Maize Inbred Lines, 10 salt tolerant materials 114/A, /05m H816, Qingnong Qin, KH207, spring 2-1, Liao 3162,77, L172, F140, KH831, L277 North 6 inbred inbred lines under salt stress. The germination rate, germination potential, relative germination rate, relative germination potential decreased, the concentration of salt stress is greater, the greater the degree of decrease, salt tolerant materials the decline is lower than that of the salt sensitive material.2, indoor pot experiment showed that salt stress could inhibit the growth of seedlings of maize inbred lines, will also lead to the physiological and biochemical changes, according to the comprehensive evaluation results of each index were 10 salt tolerant materials F140, spring 2-1, A27-11583, KH207, H482114/A, Qin Qing A27-2-1, A27-4-2, /05m farm, B13. maize seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content and biomass were decreased with the increasing stress, and the influence of underground part is larger than that in shoots, causing the root shoot ratio increased; physiological and biochemical indexes of leaf of maize inbred lines were also changed to reduce salt on the damage, the cell membrane permeability, proline, MDA content increased significantly, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly, and the amplitude of variation of salt tolerant materials than salt sensitive material.3, field test results showed that the salt stress of different growth stages of maize inbred lines was significantly influenced by morphology, photosynthesis and yield, according to the the field test of the comprehensive evaluation results obtained in 4 highly salt tolerant maize inbred lines: KH207, KH831, A27-2-1, F140. under salt stress, different growth stages of maize inbred line growth was inhibited, the plant height, stem diameter decreased net photosynthesis; Photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, decreased organic matter production capacity of reduced production, the concentration of salt stress had a negative correlation with yield, salt tolerant materials yield was higher than that of the salt sensitive materials. With the concentration of salt stress increased net photosynthesis of maize inbred lines of the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance decreased, intercellular CO2 concentration increased, transpiration rate increased that variation of salt tolerant materials is lower than that of the salt sensitive materials. Corn seedling to jointing stage is not sensitive to salt stress, salt tolerance is strong. The big trumpet period of the maize growth period of maize is the most salt tolerant maize, flowering stage was the most sensitive to salt stress, the salt tolerance of Maize during Grain Filling on stage. The sensitivity of salt stress, salt tolerance is less than the large bell stage, flowering stage is higher than that of.4, by principal component analysis of salt tolerance identification system: in this experiment, 0.3% NaCl solution for germination salt tolerance identification of suitable concentration, salt tolerance refers to 鏁，

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