菜豆树叶斑病病原学及药剂敏感性研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 09:40

本文选题：菜豆树 + 新棒状拟盘多毛孢　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随人们生活质量的提高,对室内环境、装饰的需求也日益增加,观赏植物也成为当今室内装饰的重点。目前,观赏植物的应用很广泛,其不仅作为装饰,更多的被用于净化环境、去除甲醛等,因此,观赏植物更加受到消费者的青睐。为了满足市场需求,观赏植物被大面积集约化栽培,这导致了其病害种类、危害范围、发病程度均呈急剧上升趋势。病害发展迅速的同时,并没有实时的资料对其进行诊断和防治的有效指导,从而严重影响了产量。菜豆树叶斑病的发生极大的降低了菜豆树观赏价值,且该病害的病原菌未见报道。在这种情况下,对病害进行准确的病原菌鉴定、研究其生物学特性、筛选出高效化学药剂并为其有效防治提供科学依据即显得尤为重要。本文取得相关结果如下:1、基于对病原菌的分离纯化、柯赫氏法则验证、病原菌形态和培养特征及分子生物学技术,鉴定菜豆树叶斑病病原菌为Neopestalotiopsis clavispora和Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica;2、对菜豆树病原菌的生物学特性进行了广泛研究,表明病原菌菌丝生长和生成孢子的最适培养基、碳源、氮源、pH、温度及光照条件;病原菌孢子萌发的最适营养条件、温度、pH及光照条件;3、运用生长速率法和孢子萌发法对菜豆树叶斑病进行药剂敏感性测定。结果表明:对Neopestalotiopsis clavispora和Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica的菌丝生长及孢子萌发抑制作用均较高的药剂为250 g/L吡唑嘧菌酯EC,其可作为田间药效试验的首选药剂。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's quality of life, the demand for indoor environment and decoration is increasing day by day.At present, ornamental plants are widely used. They are not only used as decoration, but also used to purify environment and remove formaldehyde. Therefore, ornamental plants are more favored by consumers.In order to meet the market demand, the ornamental plants were cultivated in a large area, which led to a sharp increase in the types of diseases, the range of damage, and the degree of disease.With the rapid development of disease, there is no effective guidance to diagnose and control the disease in real time, which seriously affects the yield.The occurrence of bean leaf spot greatly reduced the ornamental value of the plant, and the pathogen of the disease was not reported.In this case, it is very important to identify the pathogen accurately, study its biological characteristics, screen out high efficient chemical agents and provide scientific basis for its effective control.The related results are as follows: 1. Based on the isolation and purification of pathogenic bacteria, the verification of Koch's rule, the morphology and culture characteristics of pathogens, and molecular biological techniques,The pathogen of bean leaf spot was identified as Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica 2. The biological characteristics of the pathogen were studied extensively. The results showed that the optimum medium for mycelium growth and spore production was carbon source, nitrogen source pH, temperature and light condition.The optimum nutritive conditions, temperature, pH and light conditions for spore germination of pathogenic fungi were determined by using growth rate method and spore germination method to determine the drug sensitivity of leaf spot of vegetable bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by means of growth rate method and spore germination method.The results showed that the fungicide with high inhibition on hyphal growth and spore germination of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica was 250g / L pyrazole, which could be used as the first choice in field trials.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.8

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