饲料中添加镁、硒和虾青素对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹抗环境胁迫效应的研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 11:25

本文选题：中华绒螯蟹 + 亚硝酸盐　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)是我国重要的经济型甲壳动物,随着集约化、规模化人工养殖模式的推广,河蟹养殖产业得到了迅猛的发展。然而水环境污染导致河蟹生长减慢、病害频繁发生,养殖效益显著下降,严重阻碍了河蟹养殖产业的健康发展。为此,寻求消除或者缓解环境胁迫影响的途径成为当前河蟹产业可持续发展的一个重要课题。本文研究在环境胁迫下,饲料中补充重要无机盐镁、硒和虾青素对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、抗氧化和感染能力的影响,以期为补充中华绒螯蟹的营养生理资料、完善人工配方和饲料研制提供参考。主要的研究结果和结论如下:1亚硝酸盐胁迫下饲料补充镁对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、抗氧化性能的影响本实验以纯化饲料为基础饲料,在基础饲料上添加不同浓度镁(以L-天门冬氨酸镁形式分别添加0、5、10 g/kg)配置成三种不同实验饲料,在亚硝酸盐浓度为0和1.0mg/L两种不同水环境下,选择初始体重为(3.15±0.02g)的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹,饲养8周,探究饲料补充添加镁对缓解亚硝酸盐胁迫的不良影响。结果表明:(1)在水体亚硝酸盐胁迫下,未补充添加镁处理组增重率最低,随着添加镁含量的增多,增重率呈上升趋势,饲料补充镁10 g/kg处理组获得了最高的增重率,但各组之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。未添加镁处理组的存活率显著低于正常水体下未添加镁组(P0.05),且随着镁的添加,存活率呈升高趋势。同样的,饲料系数最高值也出现在未补充镁组,饲料补充镁5 g/kg和10 g/kg处理组饲料系数显著降低(P0.05)。(2)体成分分析发现,和对照组相比,水分含量各处理组之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。未添加镁处理组粗脂肪和粗蛋白显著降低(P0.05),当饲料补充镁5g/kg和10g/kg后,粗蛋白和粗脂肪均显著升高(P0.05),并与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。(3)血清中SOD活力在胁迫下出现了升高趋势,添加镁10 g/kg处理组组显著高于未胁迫下各组(P0.05),MDA含量在未添加镁处理组达到最高值,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。肝胰腺中SOD各组之间没有显著差异,胁迫下MDA含量显著增加(P0.05),且随着饲料镁添加量的增加呈显著下降趋势(P0.05)。结果表明:在亚硝酸盐胁迫下幼蟹增重率、存活率、饲料利用和抗氧化性能都受到显著的抑制作用,饲料补充添加镁可以显著提高幼蟹存活率,增强机体抗氧化能力,有效的缓解环境亚硝酸盐所带来的不利影响,保证幼蟹的健康生长,建议饲料中添加量为10 g/kg。2亚硝酸盐胁迫下饲料补充硒对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、抗氧化和非特异性免疫的影响性能以实用饲料为基础饲料,分别添加硒0、0.5、和1.0 mg/kg,配置3组实验饲料,在两种不同亚硝酸盐浓度(0、2.0 mg/L)水体条件下,投喂初始体重为(2.19±0.05)g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹,试验为期8周。结果发现:(1)各组之间增重率和存活率均没有显著差异(P0.05),亚硝酸盐胁迫下随着硒添加量的增加,蟹的增重率有升高趋势。和对照组(正常水体饲喂基础饲料组)相比,未补充添加硒处理组的饲料系数显著升高(P0.05),达到最高值,当饲料补充添加硒1.0mg/kg后,饲料系数显著降低(P0.05),且与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)和对照组相比,胁迫下未添加硒处理组血清和肝胰腺中SOD活力均显著降低(P0.05),补充添加硒0.5 mg/kg处理组达最高值,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。幼蟹血清和肝胰腺中MDA含量均显著升高(P0.05),随着饲料中硒添加量的增加,呈显著下降趋势(P0.05)。和对照组相比,血清中GPX没有显著差异(P0.05),肝胰腺中显著提高(P0.05),补充添加硒0.5mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg处理组血清和肝胰腺中GPX均显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。(3)胁迫下幼蟹血细胞总数和耗氧率呈下降趋势,但没有显著差异(P0.05),补充添加硒0.5mg/kg处理组,血细胞总数显著增加(P0.05)。血清中LZM、ACP和AKP均显著降低(P0.05),补充添加硒0.5mg/kg和1.0mg/kg后,除AKP均显著升高(P0.05)。结果提示,养殖水体中亚硝酸盐浓度过高会对河蟹幼蟹生长、抗氧化性能和非特异性免疫力产生较大的负面影响,饲料中补充添加适量的硒可以改善幼蟹生长性能,提高机体抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫相关酶活,缓解环境亚硝酸盐带来的不利影响。3高pH胁迫下饲料虾青素和硒对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫性能的影响本实验在实用饲料中分别添加虾青素和硒,制成虾青素和硒含量分别为0、0mg/kg;120、0mg/kg;0、0.9mg/kg;和 120、0.9mg/kg 的四组实验饲料,饲喂pH(8.0)以及高pH(9.5)胁迫下初重为(3.26±0.05g)的河蟹。8周饲养结束后发现:(1)和对照组(pH8.0,饲喂基础饲料组)相比,高pH胁迫下基础饲料组增重率有所降低,但无显著差异(P0.05),饲料补充添加虾青素或硒处理组增重率显著升高(P0.05),但两者同时添加组增重率最低。饲料系数显著增高(P0.05),添加虾青素或硒以及同时添加组和对照组均没有显著差异(P0.05)。(2)胁迫下鳃中Na+-K+-ATPase活力均显著下降(P0.05),基础饲料组最低,显著低于其他各组(P0.05),添加虾青素或硒后均显著提高,但两者同时添加组效果不如单一添加组效果好。总氨基酸的变化和Na+-K+-ATP酶的变化相类似。(3)和对照组相比,高pH胁迫下饲喂基础饲料组血清和肝胰腺中SOD活力都显著升高(P0.05),但MDA含量最高值也出现在该组,显著高于其他各组(P0.05),补充添加虾青素和硒后,血清和肝胰腺中MDA含量均显著降低(P0.05),血清和肝胰腺中GPX及T-AOC也均显著下降(P0.05),补充添加虾青素或硒后均显著升高(P0.05)。(4)血细胞总数在高pH胁迫下饲料基础饲料组和对照组相比显著降低(P0.05),耗氧率显著升高(P0.05),补充添加虾青素后和对照组均无显著差异(P0.05)。和对照组相比,高pH胁迫下饲喂基础饲料组幼蟹肝胰腺中LZM、ACP和AKP均显著降低(P0.05),补充添加虾青素或硒后显著升高(P0.05),但同时添加组效果不如单一添加组。养殖结束后使用嗜水气单胞菌进行攻毒发现:和对照组相比,高pH胁迫下饲喂基础饲料组在12h时死亡率显著升高,168h累计死亡率高达90%以上,显著高于其他各组。结果表明,高pH胁迫会对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、抗氧化能力、渗透压调节以及免疫抗病力等造成不良影响,当饲料补充添加虾青素或硒可以增强机体抗氧化能力,提高ACP等酶活,增强机体非特异性免疫抗病力来应对这种不良影响,但两者同时添加效果并无协同效应,生产中不建议同时添加。
[Abstract]:Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important economic crustacean in China. With the popularization of intensive and large-scale artificial culture, the breeding industry of river crab has been developed rapidly. However, the water environment pollution causes the growth of the crab to slow down, the disease frequently occurs, and the benefit of the breeding has decreased significantly, which seriously hinders the breeding industry of the river crab. In this paper, the effects of supplementation of important inorganic salts, selenium and astaxanthin on the growth performance, antioxidation and infection ability of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir crabs are studied in this paper. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1 the effects of magnesium on the growth of the young crabs of Eriocheir sinensis under the stress of nitrite stress, the effects of antioxidant properties on the antioxidant properties of the experiment were based on the feed based on the purified feed, and the different concentrations of magnesium (L-) were added to the base feed. 0,5,10 g/kg was added to the form of magnesium aspartate, respectively, to be configured into three different experimental diets. Under the two different water environments of nitrite concentration of 0 and 1.0mg/L, the initial weight of (3.15 + 0.02g) of Chinese mitten crab larvae was selected for 8 weeks, and the adverse effects of supplementation of magnesium on nitrite stress were investigated. The results showed: (1) Under the stress of nitrite, the weight gain rate of the non supplemented magnesium treatment group was the lowest. With the increase of magnesium content, the weight gain rate was increasing. The maximum weight gain rate was obtained in the feed supplemented magnesium 10 g/kg treatment group, but there was no significant difference between each group (P0.05). The survival rate of the group without magnesium treatment was significantly lower than that under the normal water body. Magnesium group (P0.05), and with the addition of magnesium, the survival rate increased. The same, the highest feed coefficient also appeared in the non supplemental magnesium group, feed supplemented magnesium 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg treatment group feed coefficient significantly decreased (P0.05). (2) body composition analysis, compared with the control group, there is no significant difference between the water content of each treatment group (P0.05). The crude fat and crude protein decreased significantly (P0.05). After supplementation of magnesium 5g/kg and 10g/kg, the crude protein and crude fat were significantly increased (P0.05), and there was no significant difference from the control group (P0.05). (3) the activity of SOD in the serum was increased under stress, and the addition of magnesium 10 g/kg treatment group was significantly higher than that under the unstressed group (P0.05), MDA The content reached the highest value in the group without magnesium treatment (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the SOD groups in the hepatopancreas, the content of MDA increased significantly (P0.05) under stress (P0.05), and the increase of the feed magnesium decreased significantly (P0.05). The results showed that the weight gain rate, survival rate and feed benefit under nitrite stress were shown. Both use and antioxidant properties are significantly inhibited, feed supplementation of magnesium can significantly increase the survival rate of young crabs, enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body, effectively alleviate the adverse effects of nitrite, ensure the healthy growth of young crabs, and suggest that feed supplemented with 10 g/kg.2 nitrite stress supplement selenium in the feed. The growth of Eriocheir crabs, antioxidant and non specific immune effects were fed on practical feed, supplemented with selenium 0,0.5, and 1 mg/kg respectively, with 3 groups of experimental feed. Under the two different concentrations of nitrite (0,2.0 mg/L) water, the initial weight of (2.19 + 0.05) g of Chinese Eriocheir crabs was fed for 8 weeks. The results were as follows: (1) there was no significant difference in weight gain and survival rate between each group (P0.05). Under the stress of nitrite, the weight gain rate of the crab increased with the increase of selenium content. Compared with the control group (normal water feeding base feed group), the feed coefficient of the non supplemented selenium treatment group increased significantly (P0.05), reaching the highest value, when feed supplementation was supplemented. After adding selenium 1.0mg/kg, the feed coefficient was significantly reduced (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the control group (P0.05). (2) compared with the control group, the SOD activity in the serum and the hepatopancreas was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05), and the supplemented selenium 0.5 mg/kg treatment group reached the highest value, and was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05). The content of MDA in the pancreas increased significantly (P0.05) and decreased significantly with the increase of selenium addition in the diet (P0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in serum GPX (P0.05), and significantly increased in the hepatopancreas (P0.05). The serum and hepatopancreas supplemented with selenium 0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/ kg treatment group were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P0.05). (3) the total number of blood cells and oxygen consumption rate of young crab under stress decreased, but there was no significant difference (P0.05), supplemented with selenium 0.5mg/kg treatment group, the total number of blood cells increased significantly (P0.05). The serum LZM, ACP and AKP were significantly decreased (P0.05), supplemented with selenium 0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg, except AKP significantly increased (P0.05). The results suggest that in the aquaculture water body (P0.05). The results suggest that in the aquaculture water body The high concentration of nitrite can have a great negative effect on the growth of young crabs, antioxidant properties and non specific immunity. Supplementation of appropriate amount of selenium in feed can improve the growth performance of young crabs, improve the body's antioxidant capacity and non specific immune related enzymes, and alleviate the adverse effects of nitrite on the environment.3 pH stress. The effects of astaxanthin and selenium on the growth, antioxidant capacity and non specific immunity of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis were affected by astaxanthin and selenium in the practical feed. The astaxanthin and selenium content were 0,0mg/kg; 120,0mg/kg; 0,0.9mg/kg; and four groups of experimental diets for 120,0.9mg/kg were fed with pH (8) and high pH (9.5) coerced. After feeding at the end of.8 week of (3.26 + 0.05g), it was found that (1) compared with the control group (pH8.0, feed base group), the weight gain rate of the base diet group under high pH stress decreased, but there was no significant difference (P0.05). The weight gain rate of astaxanthin or selenium group increased significantly (P0.05), but both of them added the most weight gain rate at the same time. The feed coefficient was significantly higher (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the addition of astaxanthin or selenium (P0.05). (2) the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the gills under stress decreased significantly (P0.05), the basic feed group was the lowest, significantly lower than the other groups (P0.05), and the addition of astaxanthin or selenium were significantly increased, but both were added at the same time. The effect was not as good as that of the single addition group. The change of total amino acid was similar to that of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme. (3) compared with the control group, the activity of SOD in the serum and hepatopancreas of the base feed group under high pH stress was significantly increased (P0.05), but the highest value of MDA also appeared in the group, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05), supplemented with astaxanthin and the addition of astaxanthin. After selenium, the content of MDA in serum and hepatopancreas decreased significantly (P0.05), GPX and T-AOC in serum and hepatopancreas were also significantly decreased (P0.05), and after adding astaxanthin or selenium (P0.05). (4) the total number of blood cells decreased significantly (P0.05) and oxygen consumption rate significantly (P0.05) in the diet group and the group (P0.05) under high pH stress (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the addition of astaxanthin and the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, LZM, ACP and AKP were significantly decreased (P0.05) in the hepatopancreas of the young crabs fed by the base diet group under high pH stress (P0.05), and the addition of astaxanthin or selenium (P0.05) was significantly increased, but the effect of addition group was not as good as that of the single addition group. It was found that the mortality of the base feed group under high pH stress was significantly higher than that of the control group at 12h, and the cumulative death rate of 168h was higher than 90%, which was significantly higher than that of other groups. The results showed that high pH stress could cause adverse effects on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, osmotic pressure regulation and immune resistance of the young Eriocheir sinensis. In addition, the addition of astaxanthin or selenium can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body, increase the enzyme activity of ACP and enhance the non specific immune resistance of the body to cope with this adverse effect, but both of them have no synergistic effect at the same time, and it is not recommended to add at the same time in production.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S966.16

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