生物有机肥施用的土壤和作物效应

发布时间：2018-04-19 13:46

本文选题：生物有机肥 + 有机肥　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了探究生物有机肥对土壤和作物的效应,于2015年、2016年在内蒙古农业大学分别进行了无作物盆培养与燕麦盆栽试验,试验通过对照、化肥、有机肥、生物有机肥、化肥与有机肥配合、化肥与生物有机肥配合等处理,对比生物有机肥的作用。得到的主要结果如下:1.无作物培养时生物有机肥处理土壤中有机质较对照处理提高了32.01%～42.66%,培养155d时达到了 6.12g/kg,燕麦栽培试验提高了 28.51%～74.40%,灌浆期时达到了 5.41g/kg;2.降低了土壤pH,无作物栽培试验培养105d时生物有机肥处理pH为7.59,化肥处理pH为8.32,燕麦栽培试验灌浆期pH分别为7.78和8.09;3.提升了土壤速效磷含量,无作物栽培试验提高了 166.52%～385.48%,培养155d时达到了 21.07mg/kg,燕麦栽培试验提高了 291.28%～560.98%,灌浆期达到了 13.55mg/kg;4.提升了土壤速效钾含量,无作物栽培试验提高了 22.55%～134.21%,培养155d时达到了 378.81mg/kg,燕麦栽培试验提高了 82.38%～148.33%,灌浆期达到了 101.99mg/kg;5.促进了土壤细菌的繁殖,无作物栽培试验细菌数量提高了 30.04%～53.94%,培养105d时达到了 16.21 · 105cfu/g,燕麦栽培试验提高了 118.75%～312.50%,培养60d时达到2.31 · 106cfu/g;也促进了放线菌的繁殖,无作物栽培试验放线菌数量提高了 207.65%～368.57%,培养105d时达到了 5.71 ·105cfu/g,燕麦栽培试验提高了 316.15%～437.42%,培养75d时达到7.19 · 105cfu/g;提高了蔗糖酶的活性,无作物栽培试验提高了 329.20%～489.19%,最高可达到8.79 mg/g · d,燕麦栽培试验提高了 36.36%～294.74%,最高可达到0.75 mg/g · d。6.对于燕麦的茎粗和总产量则是生物有机肥与化肥混施处理表现最佳,茎粗提升了 130.13%～133.95%,最粗达到3.79mm,干重提高了 803.31%,最高产量达到17.96g/株。综上所述,施用生物有机肥可以改善土壤肥力、提高土壤速效养分含量,降低pH,提高土壤酶活性和细菌、放线菌数量,降低了真菌数量。生物有机肥与化肥混合施用是减肥增效的有效途径。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil and crops, pot culture and oat pot culture experiments were carried out in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The experiment was carried out in comparison with chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer.The effect of biological organic fertilizer was compared with chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer.The main results are as follows: 1.The organic matter in the soil treated with bio-organic fertilizer was increased by 32.01g / kg, 6.12g / kg, 28.51g / kg and 5.41g / kg 路kg ~ (-2), respectively, after 155d cultivation, 74.40g / kg and 5.41 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), respectively.The pH of soil was decreased, the pH of organic fertilizer treatment was 7.59, the pH of fertilizer treatment was 8.32, and the pH of oat cultivation experiment was 7.78 and 8.093respectively.The content of available phosphorus in soil was increased, the content of available phosphorus in soil was increased by 166.52% ~ 385.48%, and reached 21.07 mg / kg at 155d, 291.28 mg / kg ~ 560.98% and 13.55 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) in grain filling period.The content of available potassium in soil was increased, the content of available potassium in soil was increased by the experiment of no crop cultivation, the content of soil available potassium was increased by 22.55% ~ 134.21%, and reached 378.81 mg 路kg ~ (-1) kg 路kg ~ (-1) after 155d cultivation, the experiment of oat cultivation increased 82.38% ~ 148.33%, and the grain filling period reached 101.99 mg / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1).It promoted the propagation of soil bacteria, increased the number of experimental bacteria by 30.04%, reached 16.21,105 cfur / g at 105 days, increased the cultivation test of oats by 118.75% 312.50%, reached 2.31 106 cfur / g at 60 days, and promoted the propagation of actinomycetes.The number of actinomycetes increased by 207.65, reached 5.71,105 cfur / g at 105 days, and increased by 316.15 and 7.19105 cfugs. and increased the activity of sucrose enzymes at 75 days.The experiment of no-crop cultivation increased 329.20 and 489.19, and the highest was 8.79 mg/g / d, while the experiment of oat cultivation increased 36.36 and 294.74, and the highest was 0.75 mg/g d.6.The stem diameter and total yield of oats were the best under the combination of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the stem diameter increased 130.13 and 133.95 mm, the thickest was 3.79 mm, the dry weight increased 803.31, and the highest yield reached 17.96g/ plant.In conclusion, the application of bio-organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility, increase soil available nutrients content, reduce pH, increase soil enzyme activity and bacteria, actinomycetes, and reduce the number of fungi.The mixed application of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is an effective way to reduce weight and increase efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158.3

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