庐山云雾茶茶园土壤酸度和肥力改良措施研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 18:01

本文选题：改良剂 + 土壤酸化　；参考：《南昌航空大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：庐山云雾茶不仅是江西省的传统名茶,更是我国十大名茶之一,属于绿茶中的一种。近年来,由于酸雨加剧、茶树自身代谢作用和施肥管理等问题,导致茶园土壤酸化、养分失衡及流失等问题,影响茶叶品质。因此,论文调查研究了不同海拔茶园土壤的肥力水平和酸化情况,探明了不同海拔高度庐山云雾茶茶园土壤-茶叶系统的部分生理指标的动态变化规律。并针对庐山云雾茶茶园土壤酸化现状及养分丰缺情况对庐山云雾茶园进行改良的研究,为提高茶园土壤肥力,防止茶园土壤酸化提供理论和实践依据。本文以庐山云雾茶茶产区作为研究对象的结果表明:(1)庐山海拔300m、700m、1100m茶园土壤的pH处于4.83~5.13之间,不同海拔茶园土壤的pH值随着海拔的升高而降低。茶园土壤有机质质量分数在1.8%-3.3%之间,碱解氮含量处于49.44-84.81mg/kg之间,速效磷含量在1.14-2.33mg/kg之间,调查区域内的茶园总体土壤肥力水平均低于高产优质茶园指标。茶园土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量变化区间分别为19.73~39.63mg·kg-1,66.20~86.80mg·kg-1,31.03~50.31mg·kg-1,0.24~0.35mg·kg-1,土壤重金属综合污染指数都小于0.7,说明这些茶园的土壤未被污染。庐山茶园的茶叶Cu、Pb和Cd含量均符合有机茶标准,不存在超标现象。茶叶中的重金属Cu的含量随海拔的变化趋势不明显,茶叶中的Zn含量随海拔升高显著增加。不同海拔的庐山云雾茶Se含量在0.11~0.14mg/kg,茶叶硒含量较高。(2)生物炭、生物调理剂、石灰石、白云石、麦饭石、过氧化钙和石灰石生物炭混合改良剂等改良土壤的室内培养实验结果表明,在改良剂用量不变的条件下,改良剂对土壤pH的改良效果依次为:石灰石+生物炭石灰石白云石生物调理剂过氧化钙麦饭石生物炭。对于同种改良剂而言,剂量越大改良效果越好。(0.75g/kg+2.5g/kg)石灰石和生物炭混合改良剂以及(3.75g/kg)生物调理剂的改良效果较好,土壤pH值分别为5.79、5.73。改良剂对土壤养分的增长影响不大。(3)在上述茶园土壤酸化改良实验的基础上,进行土壤肥力改良,结果表明,枯饼(1.65g/kg),枯饼(3.3g/kg);石灰石(0.75g/kg)+0.25g/kg过磷酸钙;生物炭(2.5g/kg)+0.25g/kg过磷酸钙;生物调理剂(3.75g/kg)+0.25g/kg过磷酸钙;生物炭+石灰石(2.5+0.75g/kg)+0.25g/kg过磷酸钙处理对土壤肥力改良效果较好。土壤pH处于5.0-5.5之间,达到高产优质茶园水平。土壤的养分指标都有极大提高,土壤养分有机质、速效磷、碱解氮分别提高了25%-39%、38%-74%、7%-13%。土壤改良效果较为理想。(4)野外大田实验结果表明:改良剂材料不仅能提高酸化茶园土壤的pH,也会极显著提高土壤养分含量,对茶树的生长也有促进作用,与室内培养实验的结果大致相符。综合比较几种处理后的土壤养分指标和茶叶的生理指标及重金属含量。2.5g/kg生物炭+0.75g/kg石灰石+0.25g/kg过磷酸钙处理改良效果最好,将茶园土壤pH调节到5.49(茶树生长最适pH5.5),对土壤养分的贡献也较理想,有机质、速效磷、碱解氮、CEC含量分别达5.49、49.50mg/kg、2.77mg/kg、89.08mg/kg、22.16cmol/kg,达到优质茶园的水平。茶叶的叶绿素,酶活性含量有明显提高,茶树生长旺盛,茶叶的重金属含量较对照处理有显著降低,茶叶品质明显提高。
[Abstract]:Mount Lu Yun fog tea is not only the traditional famous tea in Jiangxi Province, but also one of the ten famous tea in China. It is one of the kinds of green tea. In recent years, because of the aggravation of the acid rain, the metabolism of the tea tree itself and the management of fertilization, the soil acidification, the imbalance of nutrient and the loss of the tea and so on, which affect the quality of tea. Therefore, the paper has investigated and studied the different altitude. The soil fertility level and acidification of the tea garden soil, the dynamic changes of some physiological indexes of the soil tea system of the Mount Lu cloud fog tea tea garden at different altitudes are explored. The improvement of the soil acidification and the nutrient abundance of the Mount Lu tea garden in Mount Lu is studied to improve the soil fertility of the tea garden and prevent the tea garden. The soil acidification of tea garden provides theoretical and practical basis. In this paper, the result of the study of Mount Lu cloud fog tea producing area shows that: (1) the pH of the soil of 300m, 700m, 1100m tea garden at the altitude of Mount Lu is between 4.83~5.13, the pH value of the tea garden soil at different altitudes decreases with the elevation of altitude. The organic matter content of the tea garden soil is between 1.8%-3.3%, The content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is between 49.44-84.81mg/kg, and the content of available phosphorus is between 1.14-2.33mg/kg. The total soil fertility level in the tea garden in the investigation area is lower than that of high yield and high quality tea garden. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the tea garden soil are 19.73~39.63mg. Kg-1,66.20~86.80mg. Kg-1,31.03~50.31mg. Kg-1,0.24~0.35mg respectively. Kg-1, the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in soil is less than 0.7, which indicates that the soil of the tea garden is not polluted. The contents of tea Cu, Pb and Cd in the tea garden of Mount Lu are all in conformity with the standard of organic tea. The content of Cu in the tea leaves is not obvious with the elevation of the altitude, and the content of Zn in tea increases with the elevation. The Se content of Mount Lu cloud fog tea at the altitude of 0.11~0.14mg/kg, tea selenium content is high. (2) biological charcoal, biological conditioner, limestone, dolomite, wheat rice stone, calcium peroxide and limestone bio carbon mixed improver and other improved soil laboratory culture experiment results show that the improvement agent on the soil pH improvement effect under the condition of the amelioration agent is constant The results are as follows: Limestone + Biocharcoal limestone biological conditioner of calcium peroxide calcium peroxide biological carbon. For the same modifier, the better the improvement effect. (0.75g/kg+2.5g/kg) the improvement effect of limestone and biological carbon mixture and (3.75g/kg) biological conditioner is better, and the soil pH value is improved by 5.79,5.73., respectively. (3) on the basis of soil acidification experiment in the tea garden, the soil fertility improvement was carried out. The results showed that 1.65g/kg, 3.3g/kg; 0.75g/kg +0.25g/kg superphosphate; 2.5g/kg +0.25g/kg superphosphate; biological conditioner (3.75g/kg) +0.25g/kg superphosphate; the biological conditioner (3.75g/kg) +0.25g/kg superphosphate; The effect of carbon + limestone (2.5+0.75g/kg) +0.25g/kg Superphosphate on soil fertility improvement is better. Soil pH is between 5.0-5.5, high yield and high quality tea garden level. The soil nutrient index is greatly improved, soil nutrient organic matter, available phosphorus, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen are improved 25%-39%, 38%-74%, 7%-13%. improvement effect is more ideal. (4) the field experiment results show that the amelioration material can not only improve the pH of the soil of the acidified tea garden, but also greatly increase the soil nutrient content and promote the growth of the tea tree, which is approximately consistent with the results of the laboratory culture experiment. The nutrient indexes of soil soil after treatment and the physiological indexes of tea and the content of heavy metals are compared. .2.5g/kg bio carbon +0.75g/kg limestone +0.25g/kg superphosphate treatment improved the best effect, the tea garden soil pH adjustment to 5.49 (the optimum growth of tea tree pH5.5), the contribution of soil nutrients is more ideal, organic matter, available phosphorus, alkali nitrogen, CEC content, respectively, 5.49,49.50mg/kg, 2.77mg/kg, 89.08mg/kg, 22.16cmol/kg, to achieve the quality of the tea garden level The content of chlorophyll and enzyme activity of tea increased obviously, and the growth of tea plant was vigorous. The heavy metal content of tea decreased significantly compared with that of the control, and the quality of tea increased obviously.

【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S571.1

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