葡萄埋藤机的设计与性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 20:40

本文选题：葡萄埋藤机 + 离散单元法　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着人们对生活质量的要求逐渐提高,葡萄作为一种含有丰富的微量元素,营养价值高的健康、绿色水果,其种植面积不断增大,是宁夏最重要的特色产业之一,宁夏现已成为重要的葡萄种植和生产地。由于宁夏冬季气温较低,为了防止葡萄藤的冻伤及风干,需采取越冬性保护措施,即秋末将葡萄剪枝后下架,并将葡萄藤掩埋起来,因此实现埋藤机械化具有一定的经济效益,同时也是解决葡萄产业持续发展的前提条件。针对宁夏已推广使用的机具存在碎土效果较差、抛土距离低、作业效率低等问题,通过调研埋藤农艺要求以及现已使用的机具情况,运用现代设计方法和理论,采用计算机辅助技术,设计了一种旋抛式葡萄埋藤机,完成了机具各个装置的选型和关键零部件的设计;针对犁体耕作时受力状况的复杂性,将犁体进行简化,分析了小前犁与土壤相互作用的受力情况;并对犁体和抛土圆盘的作业过程进行了仿真分析;最后对研制的埋藤机进行了田间性能试验。本论文的主要研究工作和结论如下:(1)运用SolidWorks三维软件完成了旋抛式埋藤机各部件建模和整机的设计,埋藤机由机架、三角挂接架、罩壳、抛土圆盘、犁体等组成,拖拉机提供动力进而驱动圆盘刀轴旋转,实现一次性挖土、松土、切土、取土、碎土、抛土、埋藤作业。(2)利用ANASYS分析软件对抛土刀片进行了应力应变分析,基于分析结果对刀片的结构参数进行了改进,确保取土、碎土、抛土过程中刀片具有足够的结构强度。(3)分析与计算了犁体与土壤相互作用的受力情况,利用MATLAB软件对犁体牵引阻力进行了优化,相对于计算结果,优化后的牵引阻力值5183N在计算结果范围之内,说明回归方程与优化结果是有效并可行的。(4)基于离散单元法对抛土圆盘和犁体的耕作过程进行了仿真,分析了圆盘在转速分别为150r/min、200r/min、250r/min下的碎土率、抛土距离等性能的变化情况,以及不同作业速度和耕作深度下犁体的阻力及土壤颗粒运动变化趋势,分析结果表明当圆盘转速为250r/min时抛土距离为81.09cm,犁体耕作阻力随着作业深度和作业速度的增大而增大。(5)对机具进行了样机试制和田间性能试验,试验结果表明,抛土距离为86cm,碎土率为99%,能够完成碎土、埋藤作业要求,具有碎土率高、抛土性能好等特点,整机设计达到葡萄埋藤作业要求,满足埋藤农艺要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of people's quality of life, grape, as a healthy and green fruit with rich trace elements and high nutritional value, is growing in growing area, which is one of the most important characteristic industries in Ningxia. Ningxia has become an important place to grow and produce grapes. Because of the low temperature in winter in Ningxia, in order to prevent frostbite and air drying of grapevines, it is necessary to take overwintering protection measures, that is, to remove grape after cutting and burying grapevines at the end of autumn, so it is economic benefit to realize mechanization of grapevine burying. At the same time, it is the precondition to solve the sustainable development of grape industry. In view of the problems of poor soil breaking effect, low distance of throwing soil and low working efficiency of the machinery and tools that have been popularized and used in Ningxia, the modern design methods and theories are used through investigation and investigation of the requirements of burying rattan agronomy and the situation of machinery and tools used now. In this paper, a kind of rotating and throwing grape burying machine is designed by using computer aided technology, the selection of each device and the design of key parts are completed, and the plow body is simplified in view of the complexity of the force condition in plough tillage. The interaction between small front plough and soil was analyzed, the operation process of plough and soil disc was simulated, and the field performance test of the burying machine was carried out. The main research work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the modeling and the design of the whole machine are completed by using SolidWorks software. The burying machine consists of a frame, a triangular hanging frame, a shell, a soil throwing disc, a plough, etc. The tractor provides the power and then drives the rotation of the disc cutter axis to realize the one-time excavating, loosening, cutting soil, taking soil, breaking soil, throwing soil, burying rattan. 2) using ANASYS analysis software to analyze the stress and strain of the blade. Based on the analysis results, the structural parameters of the blade are improved to ensure that the blade has sufficient structural strength in the process of collecting soil, crushing soil and throwing soil.) the interaction between plough and soil is analyzed and calculated. MATLAB software was used to optimize the traction resistance of plough body. Compared with the calculated results, the optimized traction resistance value of 5183N was within the range of the calculated results. The results show that the regression equation and optimization results are effective and feasible. (4) based on discrete element method, the tillage process of cast soil disc and plough is simulated, and the change of soil fragmentation rate, soil throwing distance and so on are analyzed at the rotational speed of 150 r / min / min / min ~ 250 r / min, respectively. The resistance of plough and the change trend of soil particle movement under different operating speed and tillage depth, The results show that the distance of throwing soil is 81.09 cm when the rotating speed of disk is 250r/min, and the plow tillage resistance increases with the increase of working depth and working speed. The distance of throwing soil is 86 cm and the rate of broken soil is 99 cm. It can fulfill the requirements of breaking soil and burying rattan, and has the characteristics of high rate of broken soil and good performance of throwing soil. The whole machine can meet the requirements of grape and rattan operation and meet the requirements of buried rattan agronomy.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224

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