复合微生物菌剂在湖南煤矿区复垦土壤中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:30

本文选题：复合微生物菌剂 + 复垦土壤　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭是我国重要的能源,但是煤矿业的不断开发不仅破坏了大量的土地资源,对生态环境可持续发展也造成了巨大的危害。矿区土地复垦是一项具有战略意义的系统工程。土地复垦不仅仅是被破坏或扰动土地的简单恢复利用,更重要的是生态系统功能的恢复和合理结构的构建。而恢复生态系统的功能,必须进行植被的恢复及动植物群落和微生物群落的构建。本文采用田间试验和盆栽试验,研究了3种复合微生物菌剂和草炭与谷糠两种微生物载体对湖南省煤矿区复垦土壤养分含量、土壤微生物数量、玉米生长及产量的影响。主要结果如下：1、复合微生物菌剂可不同程度的增加土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,以处理4(草炭+N2+A+K8+P7)、6(谷糠+N2+K8+P7)、7(谷糠+N2+A+K8+SX3-2)的效果更明显。不同微生物菌剂对土壤全氮、全磷土壤pH值的影响不明显,土壤全钾含量较对照有降低趋势。2、施用复合微生物菌剂可有效增加土壤三大类微生物数量,细菌和真菌主要表现在盆栽玉米生长前期,玉米苗期,细菌较CK2增加55.6%-104.2%,真菌的增幅为25.0%-172.8%。放线菌在苗期增加不明显,在拔节期较CK2增加34.7%-130.6%。总体上以处理4(草炭+N2+A+K8+P7)、处理7(谷糠+N2+A+K8+SX3-2)和处理6(谷糠+N2+K8+P7)的效果更佳。3、施用复合微生物菌剂可促进盆栽玉米植株生长,增加株高和茎粗,株高较CK2增加2.56%-8.97%,茎粗的增加幅度为4.4%-16.6%,以处理4和处理7的效果更佳,。4、施用复合微生物菌剂可有效提高大田玉米产量,籽粒产量较CK2的增加幅度为12.7%-28.2%,生物产量较CK2增加29.4%。以处理4的效果更佳,其次为处理7。主要表现在亩穗数和百粒数的增加。5、草炭和谷糠两种微生物载体对玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响无明显差异。在草炭资源较缺,谷糠资源丰富的湖南省,利用谷糠作为供试微生物载体材料是一种比较好的选择。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important energy source in China, but the continuous development of coal mining not only destroys a large number of land resources, but also causes great harm to the sustainable development of ecological environment. Land reclamation in mining area is a systematic project of strategic significance. Land reclamation is not only the simple restoration and utilization of damaged or disturbed land, but also the restoration of ecosystem function and the construction of rational structure. In order to restore ecosystem function, vegetation restoration and the construction of animal and plant communities and microbial communities must be carried out. In this paper, field and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of three kinds of compound microbial fungicides, peat and rice bran on soil nutrient content, soil microbial quantity, maize growth and yield in coal mine area of Hunan province. The main results were as follows: 1. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter, soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium could be increased in different degree by the compound microorganism bacteria, and the effect of 4 (N _ 2 A K _ 8 P _ 7N _ 7 (N _ 2 K _ 8 P _ 7X _ 7) (N _ 2 A _ K _ 8 K _ 8 SX3-2) was more obvious. The effect of different microbial agents on soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus pH value was not obvious, the total potassium content of soil decreased by 0.2, and the application of compound microbial bacteria agent could effectively increase the number of three kinds of microbes in soil. Bacteria and fungi mainly showed in the early stage of potted maize growth, maize seedling stage, bacteria than CK2 increased 55.6% -104.2%, the increase of fungi was 25.0-172.8%. Actinomycetes did not increase significantly in seedling stage, but increased 34.7- 130.6 in jointing stage as compared with CK2. In general, treatment 4 (N _ 2 A K _ 8 P _ (7), treatment 7 (N _ 2 A _ 8 SX _ 3-2) and treatment 6 (N _ 2 K _ (8) P _ (7) had better effects. The application of compound microbial bacteria could promote plant growth and increase plant height and stem diameter. The plant height increased by 2.56-8.97, the stem diameter increased by 4.4- 16.6and the effect of treatment 4 and treatment 7 was better than that of CK2. The application of compound microbial fungicides could effectively increase the corn yield in the field. The grain yield was increased by 12.7- 28.2than that of CK2, and the biological yield was increased by 29.4than that of CK2. The effect of treatment 4 was better than that of treatment 7. The effect of peat and rice bran on maize yield and soil fertility was not significantly different from that of peat and rice bran. In Hunan Province, where peat resources are scarce and rice bran resources are abundant, it is a good choice to use rice bran as microbial carrier material.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S144

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