基质培黄瓜、番茄、茄子营养液供液制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 13:34

本文选题：供液量 + 供液频率　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为探索黄瓜、番茄、茄子在基质栽培条件下,合理的营养液供液制度,本试验分别设计黄瓜每株每天供液量为 200 ml、300 ml、400 ml、500 ml、600 ml、700 ml、800 ml、900 ml、1000 ml、1100 ml;番茄营养生长期每株每天供液量为150 mL(W1)、210 mL(W2)、270 mL(W3),开花结果期加倍,供液频率为1次(T1)、2次(T2)、3次(T3);茄子每株每天供液量为300 ml、500 ml、700ml、900ml、1100ml、1300ml、1500ml、1700ml。分析不同供液量及供液频率对三种蔬菜生长、生理、品质及产量等指标的影响,确定每株每天的供液量及供液频率,以期为农民科学生产提供依据,达到节水丰产优质的目的。研究结果如下:1.营养液供液量对基质培春夏茬黄瓜生长发育及产量的影响研究表明:(1)500 ml供液量可促进黄瓜提前进入开花期、结果期,有利于生育期提前,且500ml供液量下的黄瓜较低量下的处理可有效提高株高25.74%,有效增大茎粗1.0 mm,增大叶面积121.98 cm2,提高干物质积累量,提高根系总长度及面积;(2)500 ml、600 ml供液量下叶绿素荧光参数各项指标均高于其他处理,且600 ml供液量在净光合速率、作物抗性指标及果实品质指标中表现最佳,较500 ml供液量下略高;(3)500ml 供液量下的产量为46459.62kg.hm-2,高于 600ml,虽然 1000ml、1100ml 供液量下的产量高于其他处理,但是水分利用效率最小;(4)综合各项指标看,并结合实际生产中所能带来的经济效益,推荐500 ml供液量作为农民黄瓜日常生产的营养液供液量。2.营养液供液量及供液频率对基质培高糖度番茄生长及品质的影响研究表明:(1)番茄果实品质随营养液供液量的增加而降低,供液量为W1、W2处理的可溶性总糖、有机酸含量显著高于W3处理。维生素C、可溶性固形物含量表现为T3处理高于T1、T2,W1T3、W2T3处理的可溶性固形物含量分别达到8.37%、8.33%;(2)W2T3处理的株高和茎粗、光合速率最大,与W1T1相比提高30.6%、26%、68.9%;供液频率为T3处理时,W2T3处理的产量、单果质量、单株结果数最大,与W3T3处理相比,产量提高11.3%,而W1、W2处理的水分利用效率显著高于W3;(3)综合分析,W2T3处理最佳,即番茄在营养生长期每株每天营养液供液量为210 mL,在开花结果期供液量加倍,每天供液3次,有利于促进高糖度番茄的生长,提高果实品质。3.营养液供液量对基质培夏秋茬茄子生长发育、产量及品质的影响研究表明:(1)供液量为700 ml时,可有效促进茄子植株生长,株高达到129.35 cm,叶面积提高15.56%,根冠比最大,地上部鲜物质量与300 ml、1700 ml相比提高39.3%、28.5%;(2)品质指标随供液量的增加先增大后减小,700 ml、900 ml可溶性总糖、维生素含量高于其他处理,与300ml相比,维生素含量分别增加2.14 mg.g~(-1)、2.43 mg.g~(-1);(3)900 ml根系活力、光合速率、单果质量表现最好,但700 ml产量最大,达到68282.54 kg.hm-2,显著高于其他处理,且水分利用效率高于900 ml,为40.41 kg.m~(-3)。综合考虑,每株每天供液700 ml为茄子合理的营养液供液量。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the rational liquid supply system for cucumber, tomato and Eggplant under the condition of substrate cultivation, this experiment was designed to design each plant of cucumber each for 200 ml, 300 ml, 400 ml, 500 ml, 600 ml, 700 ml, 800 ml, 900 ml, 1000 ml, 1100 ml, and the daily feed volume of each plant was 150 mL (W1), 210, 270 and flowering fruit. The feeding frequency was 1 times (T1), 2 times (T2) and 3 times (T3); the daily supply of eggplant was 300 ml, 500 ml, 700ml, 900ml, 1100ml, 1300ml, 1500ml, and 1700ml. analyzed the effects of different liquid quantity and feed frequency on the growth of three vegetables, physiology, quality and yield, so as to determine the daily liquid supply and feeding frequency of each plant, so as to be the farmer family. The results of the study were as follows: 1. the effects of the amount of nutrient solution on the growth and yield of Cucumber in spring and summer stubble were studied as follows: (1) the amount of 500 ml supply can promote the cucumber to enter the flowering stage in advance, and the result period is beneficial to the early growth period, and the cucumber under the supply of 500ml is lower. Treatment can effectively increase plant height 25.74%, effectively increase the stem diameter 1 mm, increase the leaf area 121.98 cm2, increase the amount of dry matter accumulation, increase the total length and area of root system; (2) 500 ml, 600 ml supply liquid content of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are higher than other treatments, and 600 ml supply liquid content in net photosynthetic rate, crop resistance index and fruit quality index The best performance in the standard was higher than that of 500 ml; (3) the output of 500ml was 46459.62kg.hm-2, higher than 600ml, although 1000ml, 1100ml supply was higher than the other treatment, but the water use efficiency was the least. (4) comprehensive indicators, and combined with the economic benefits of actual production, recommended 500 ml supply. The effects of the amount of.2. nutrient solution supply and the frequency of feed liquid on the growth and quality of high glucose tomato in matrix culture showed that: (1) the quality of tomato fruit decreased with the increase of nutrient liquid supply, the amount of water supply was W1, the soluble total sugar treated by W2, and the content of organic acid was significantly higher than that of W3 treatment. C, the soluble solid content showed that the content of T3 treatment was higher than that of T1, T2, W1T3 and W2T3, respectively, the soluble solids content reached 8.37%, 8.33%, respectively, (2) W2T3 treated plant height and stem diameter, the photosynthetic rate was the largest, and 30.6%, 26%, 68.9% compared with W1T1, and the yield of W2T3 treatment, single fruit quality, the maximum number of single plant results, and W3T3 place. In comparison, the yield increased by 11.3%, and the water use efficiency of W1, W2 treatment was significantly higher than that of W3. (3) comprehensive analysis, W2T3 treatment was the best, that is, tomato in the vegetative growth period per plant nutrient solution is 210 mL per day, the amount of liquid supply in the flowering period doubles, 3 times a day, to promote the growth of high sugar tomatoes and improve the fruit quality.3. nutrient solution. The effect of water supply on the growth and development, yield and quality of Eggplant in summer and autumn stubble of matrix culture showed that: (1) the plant growth, plant height reached 129.35 cm, leaf area increased 15.56%, and root crown ratio was maximum, the quality of fresh ground fresh substance was 39.3%, 28.5%, and (2) quality index was increased with the amount of liquid supply (2) when the amount of water supply was 700 ml. Increase first and then decrease, 700 ml, 900 ml soluble total sugar, vitamin content is higher than other treatments, compared with 300ml, vitamin content increases 2.14 mg.g~ (-1), 2.43 mg.g~ (-1); (3) 900 ml root vitality, photosynthetic rate, single fruit quality performance is the best, but 700 ml production maximum, 68282.54 kg.hm-2, significantly higher than the other treatments, and moisture significantly The utilization efficiency is higher than 900 ml, which is 40.41 kg.m~ (-3). Considering that 700 ml per plant per day is the reasonable amount of nutrient solution for eggplant.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S641.2;S641.1;S642.2

【参考文献】