放牧方式对荒漠草原物种多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-18 21:00

本文选题：放牧方式 + 混合放牧　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以内蒙古希拉穆仁草原为研究对象,通过设置单独放牧牛、单独放牧羊和牛羊混合放牧三种放牧方式和不放牧作为对照,研究不同放牧方式对草原物种多样性的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)放牧能够降低植物群落的地上现存量。2014年至2016年每年8月,单独放牧羊的植被地上现存量为54.89 g/m2、45.93 g/m2和64.21 g/m2,单独放牧牛的植被地上现存量为45.97g/m2、31.19g/m2、56.28g/m2,混合放牧的植被地上现存量为46.61g/m2、34.66g/m2、58.75g/m2,不放牧的植被地上现存量为63.00g/m2、54.26g/m2、70.40g/m2。单独放牧牛和牛羊混合放牧对地上现存量的降低程度差异不显著,均显著低于单独放牧羊。(2)单独放牧牛和牛羊混合放牧方式下植被高度下降明显。随着放牧时间的延长,放牧方式对植被盖度的影响并不显著。与单独放牧羊相比较,混合放牧减缓了植物密度的减小。单独放牧牛提高了植物群落中豆科和杂类草的重要值,降低了克氏针茅的重要值,羊与之相反。(3)单独放牧羊降低了植物群落的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,牛羊混合放牧能够维持物种多样性。
[Abstract]:Based on the study of Inner Mongolia yilmutu grassland, the effects of Different Grazing Methods on the species diversity of grassland were studied by setting up separate grazing cattle, grazing sheep and cattle and sheep in three grazing methods and not grazing. The main results are as follows: (1) grazing can reduce the amount of.2014 on the ground of plant community. In August year to 2016 year to 2016, the vegetation on the land of separate grazing sheep was 54.89 g/m2,45.93 g/m2 and 64.21 g/m2, and the vegetation on the ground was 45.97g/m2,31.19g/m2,56.28g/m2, and the extant amount of vegetation on the mixed grazing vegetation was 46.61g/m2,34.66g/m2,58.75g/m2, and the existing vegetation on the non grazing vegetation was 63.00g/m2,54.26g/m2,7. The difference between the grazing cattle and cattle and sheep mixed grazing on 0.40g/m2. was not significant, which was significantly lower than that of the separate grazing sheep. (2) the vegetation height decreased obviously under the mixed grazing mode of herding cattle and cattle and sheep. Mixed grazing slowed down the decrease of plant density. Separate grazing cattle increased the important value of leguminous and heterozygous grass in plant community, reduced the important value of Stipa Kirschner, and the opposite. (3) the shepherd alone reduced the species richness, diversity index and evenness index of the plant community, and the mixed grazing of cattle and sheep could maintain a large number of species. Pattern.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812

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