马铃薯新品系重要性状及染色体构型和SSR指纹分析

发布时间：2018-05-18 22:09

  本文选题：马铃薯新品系 + 重要农艺性状　； 参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为选育出抗晚疫病能力强、产量高、品质好、芽眼浅且结合双亲的优良特性的马铃薯新品种,本试验依据优缺点互补、地理间隔远和生态型差异大的亲本选配原则,以抗病性强的国产品种'陇薯7号'作母本,分别用美国引进的商品性性状好的马铃薯品种'CY-1'和'MIN-021'作父本进行组配,经人工去雄授粉杂交得到了 '陇薯7号×CY-1'、'陇薯7号×MIN-021'的2个杂交组合F1代分离单株群体,通过大田选择优异单株及对其农艺性状测定和评价,选育出6个综合农艺性状表现突出的杂种F1新品系G1、G5、T1、T5、T6和T10。本研究重点对这6个马铃薯新品系的主要农艺性状、染色体构型及花粉育性进行了测定和评价,并进行了遗传差异的SSR分析。主要结果如下:1.马铃薯优良新品系G1、T1、T5、T6和T10均为中熟型品系,G5为中早熟型品系。各新品系块茎芽眼浅、薯形好、结薯集中整齐,单株产量和商品薯率分别在1.12 kg 和 80%以上。2.各新品系块茎的干物质含量变幅为21.89%～26.40%,淀粉含量变幅为15.39%～21.52%,其中T6和T10为全粉加工型新品系。各新品系的还原糖含量变幅为0.0121～0.0179 mg/100g,可作薯条薯片加工利用。T10为高花青素含量彩色马铃薯新品系。3.相关性分析表明,淀粉含量与干物质含量和分枝数呈显著正相关,平均薯重与单株结薯数、块茎还原糖含量与淀粉含量均呈显著负相关。4.新品系G1、G5、T1、T5、T6和T10的PMCMI染色体配对构型分别为4.12Ⅰ +9.47Ⅱ+3.37Ⅲ+3.71Ⅴ、3.54 Ⅰ +10.25Ⅱ+4.08Ⅲ+2.94Ⅳ、2.65 Ⅰ +12.06Ⅱ+2.12Ⅲ+3.74Ⅳ、5.73 Ⅰ +8.98Ⅱ+4.26Ⅲ+2.89Ⅳ、3.84 Ⅰ +9.26Ⅱ+3.19Ⅲ+4.02Ⅳ和 2.42 Ⅰ +11.56Ⅱ+3.31Ⅲ+3.14Ⅳ。6个新品系的花粉育性变幅为56.73%～74.58%。5.试验筛选出12对SSR适宜引物,对9个供试材料进行PCR扩增获得SSR多态性位点92个,多态性位点百分率为77.31%。用引物S153建立了能区分出各新品系及其亲本的SSR指纹图。6.以遗传距离(GD值)0.35为基准,将9个材料聚为4类:第一类为'陇薯7号'和品系G1;第二类为'CY-1'、' MIN-021'和品系T6;第三类为品系G5和T5;第四类为品系T6和T10。
[Abstract]:In order to select a new potato variety with strong resistance to late blight, high yield, good quality, shallow bud and excellent characteristics of both parents, this experiment was based on the principle of parental selection with complementary advantages and disadvantages, wide geographical spacing and wide ecotype differences. The Chinese variety 'Longshu 7', which has strong resistance to disease, was used as female parent, and the potato varieties (CY-1 'and MMIN-021'), which had good commercial characters introduced from the United States, were used as male parent, respectively. Two hybrid combinations, 'Longshu 7 脳 CY-1' and 'Longshu 7 脳 MIN-021', were obtained by artificial androgenic pollination. They were selected in the field, and their agronomic characters were measured and evaluated. Six new F _ 1 hybrids with outstanding comprehensive agronomic traits were selected and selected. The new lines G1HG _ (5) T _ (1) and T _ (1) T _ (5) T _ (5) and T _ (10) were selected. In this study, the main agronomic characters, chromosome configuration and pollen fertility of the 6 new potato lines were determined and evaluated, and the genetic differences were analyzed by SSR. The main results are as follows: 1. The new potato lines G1, T1, T1, T5, T6, and T10, were of medium maturing type and medium and early maturing type, respectively. The tuber bud of each new strain is light, the tuber shape is good, the tuber is concentrated and tidy, the yield per plant and the rate of commercial tuber are 1.12 kg and 80% respectively. The content of dry matter in tuber of each new strain was 21.89 and 26.40, and the content of starch was 15.39 and 21.52, among which T6 and T10 were new strains of whole powder processing type. The range of reducing sugar content of each new strain is 0.0121 ~ 0.0179 mg / 100 g, which can be used for processing potato chips. T10 is a new color potato strain with high anthocyanin content. The correlation analysis showed that the starch content was positively correlated with the dry matter content and the number of branches, and the average tuber weight was negatively correlated with the number of tubers per plant, and the content of reducing sugar in tubers was negatively correlated with the content of starch. The PMCMI chromosome pairing configuration of the new strain G1G5, T1, T5, T6 and T10 is 4.12 鈪，

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