苹果矮化砧木抗寒性评价及其对结果性状的影响

发布时间：2018-05-30 05:03

本文选题：矮化砧木 + 砧穗组合　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：矮砧密植成为世界苹果栽培的主要模式,也是中国苹果产业发展的必然趋势。我国地形多样,气候变化较大,因而选育既具矮化效果又兼有较强抗寒性的砧木,对于我国苹果产业的发展具有重要意义。以25种苹果矮化砧木为试材,研究了其电解质外渗率,计算半致死温度,分析了可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性及MDA含量与半致死温度的相关性;并以其中16种矮化砧木为中间砧嫁接“宫藤富士”(以下简称“富士”),基砧为平邑甜茶,研究不同中间砧木对树体抗寒性、生长发育及果实产量品质的影响,主要研究结果如下:(1)不同类型砧木一年生枝条的半致死温度存在差异,SH8、SH9、SH12、SH28较其他砧木差异显著,同系砧木半致死温度相近,整体表现为:SH系抗寒性最强,M系和MM系抗寒能力最差,其他系列表现中等。(2)低温胁迫下,不同苹果矮化砧木一年生枝条可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量均与其抗寒性有关。通过相关性分析表明:砧木一年生枝条可溶性糖含量和MDA含量与其半致死温度显著相关,相关系数分别为0.659、0.679。(3)不同矮化砧木为中间砧嫁接“富士”后,一年生枝条半致死温度有明显差异,SH28半致死温度最低,为-40.15℃,M7半致死温度最高,为-32.59℃,这与矮化砧木抗寒性呈相似性,说明砧木可影响嫁接品种的抗寒性。(4)不同矮化中间砧嫁接“富士”树体树高、干周直径、覆盖率和总枝量大致成正相关。MM106和YL1嫁接“富士”树体最高,分别4.4 m、4.5 m,SH6嫁接“富士”树体最矮,为3.2 m;MM106和SH3嫁接“富士”树体覆盖率最大,分别为85.0%、84.7%,P22嫁接“富士”树体覆盖率最低,为34.4%;MM106和M7嫁接“富士”树体总枝量最大,分别为47.30×104·hm-2、50.41×104·hm-2,B9和P22嫁接“富士”树体总枝量最小,分别为18.67×104·hm-2、19.81×104·hm-2;YL1和SH3嫁接“富士”树体干周直径最大,为别为118.00 mm、111.75 mm,M26和P22嫁接“富士”树体干周直径最小,分别为71.15 mm、69.50 mm。(5)SHa嫁接“富士”短枝比例最高,约占总枝量的73%,长枝比例最低,约占总枝量的13%,树势相对较弱;P22嫁接“富士”长枝比例最高,约占总枝量的30%,中枝比例最小,仅占总枝量的10%左右。综合来看,以SH3和SH6嫁接“富士”树体枝类组成较为合理,短枝比例65%左右,长枝比例10%左右,树势中庸。(6)SH40、SH6嫁接“富士”平均单株产量最高,分别为17.35 kg、16.3 kg,SHa、YL1和SHc嫁接“富士”平均单株产量最小,分别为6.33 kg、6.22 kg、5.71 kg;SH18、SH6嫁接“富士”果实大果率最高,单果大于200g的比例均占到总产量的60%以上,SHa、SHc嫁接“富士”大果率最低,单果大于200 g的比例仅均占总产量的10%左右。综合单株产量和大果率,SH6、SH18及SH40嫁接“富士”表现较好。(7)就同级果实品质而言,SH6、SH9、SH12和SH18嫁接“富士”果实可溶性固形物含量相对较高,分别为15.68%、16.15%、15.70%、16.43%,SHa、SHc及M26嫁接“富士”果实可溶性固形物含量最低,分别为14.18%、14.20%、13.93%,其他中等;SHa、SHc和SH6嫁接“富士”果实固酸比最高,分别为68.74%、61.95%、67.09%,SH3、SH38、M26嫁接“富士”果实固酸比最低,分别为46.38%、44.99%、42.72%,其他中等;各中间砧嫁接“富士”树体果实果肉硬度相近。
[Abstract]:The dense planting of dwarf anvil has become the main mode of apple cultivation in the world, and it is also the inevitable trend of the development of the apple industry in China. In China, the variety and climate change greatly. Therefore, it is important for the development of the apple industry to select the stock which has both the dwarf effect and the strong cold resistance, which is of great significance to the development of the apple industry in China. 25 kinds of Apple Dwarf rootstock are used as the test materials. The electrolyte exosmotic rate was calculated and the semi lethal temperature was calculated. The correlation between soluble sugar content, starch content, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content and semi lethal temperature were analyzed, and 16 Dwarf Rootstocks were used to grafted "Fuji" (hereinafter referred to as "Fuji"), and the base anvil was Pingyi sweet tea, and the different intermediate rootstock was studied. The main results were as follows: (1) there were differences in the semi lethal temperature of the annual branches of different types of rootstock, SH8, SH9, SH12 and SH28 were significantly different from those of other rootstock, and the half lethal temperature of the same rootstock was similar. The whole body showed that the cold resistance of the SH system was the strongest, and the cold resistance of the M and MM lines was the worst. The other series showed medium performance. (2) under low temperature stress, the content of soluble sugar, starch content, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content of the annual branches of Different Apple Dwarf Rootstocks were related to the cold resistance. The correlation analysis showed that the soluble sugar content and MDA content of the annual branches of the rootstock were significantly related to the semi lethal temperature. After the coefficient of 0.659,0.679. (3) (3) different dwarf rootstock was grafted with "Fuji" for the intermediate rootstock, the semi lethal temperature of the annual branches was significantly different, the SH28 semi lethal temperature was the lowest, -40.15 C, the M7 semi lethal temperature was the highest, which was -32.59 centigrade, which was similar to the cold resistance of the dwarf rootstock, indicating that the rootstock could affect the cold resistance of the grafted varieties. (4) the difference between the rootstock and the cold resistance of the grafted varieties was different. The dwarf interstock grafted "Fuji" tree body tree height, dry week diameter, coverage and total branch volume approximately.MM106 and YL1 grafted "Fuji" tree body the highest, respectively 4.4 m, 4.5 m, SH6 grafted "Fuji" tree body the shortest, 3.2 m, MM106 and SH3 grafting "Fuji" tree cover rate is the largest, respectively 85%, 84.7%, P22 grafted "Fuji" tree, respectively. The body coverage rate was the lowest, 34.4%. The total branches of the MM106 and M7 grafted "Fuji" tree were 47.30 * 104. Hm-2,50.41 * 104. Hm-2 respectively. The total branches of the B9 and P22 grafted "Fuji" tree were 18.67 * 104. Hm-2,19.81 x 104. The largest diameter of the YL1 and SH3 grafted "Fuji" tree body was the 118 mm, 111.75 mm, and the other. The diameter of the P22 grafted "Fuji" tree was the smallest in diameter, respectively 71.15 mm, 69.50 mm. (5) SHa grafted "Fuji" with the highest proportion, accounting for about 73% of the total branch, and the lowest proportion of long branches, accounting for about 13% of the total branch, and the highest proportion of the long branches of the P22 grafted "Fuji", about 30% of the total branch volume, and the smallest proportion of the middle branch, only 10 of the total branch volume. In a comprehensive view, the SH3 and SH6 grafting "Fuji" branches are more reasonable, the proportion of short branches is about 65%, the proportion of long branches is about 10%, the tree potential is moderate. (6) SH40, the average yield of the single plant of the SH6 grafting "Fuji" is the highest, respectively, 17.35 kg, 16.3 kg, SHa, YL1 and SHc grafted "Fuji", the average yield of the single plant is the lowest, 6.33 kg, 6.22 kg, respectively. 5.71 kg; SH18, SH6 grafted "Fuji" had the highest fruit rate, and the proportion of single fruit greater than 200g accounted for more than 60% of the total output. SHa, SHc grafted "Fuji" was the lowest, and the ratio of single fruit greater than 200 g accounted for only about 10% of the total output. The comprehensive single plant yield and large fruit rate, SH6, SH18 and SH40 grafting "Fuji" showed better. (7) the same is the same. SH6, SH9, SH12 and SH18 grafted "Fuji" fruit soluble solids content is relatively high, respectively, 15.68%, 16.15%, 15.70%, 16.43%, SHa, SHc and M26 grafted "Fuji" fruit soluble solids content of the lowest, respectively 14.18%, 14.20%, 13.93%, other medium, SHa, SHc and SH6 grafted "Fuji" fruit fixed acid ratio is the most High, respectively 68.74%, 61.95%, 67.09%, SH3, SH38, M26 grafted "Fuji" fruit solid acid ratio is the lowest, respectively 46.38%, 44.99%, 42.72%, other medium, each interstock grafted "Fuji" fruit flesh of the fruit is similar.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S661.1

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