费约果品种间栽培特性及产量构成因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 07:36

本文选题：费约果 + 品种　；参考：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以7个品种的6年生费约果扦插繁殖植株为试验材料。研究不同品种费约果在常规化栽培条件下的生长特性、开花特性、结果特性及产量构成因素,通过比较费约果品种间栽培特性及产量构成因素的差异,从而确定四川绵阳地区的高产、高品质费约果品种,为费约果的高产和商业化栽培品种选择、制订相应的优质高产技术方案以及市场推广提供理论依据。研究结果表明:(1)在栽培生态环境和管理条件基本一致的情况下,不同品种费约果自身的遗传因子和生理因素的不同是导致其生长特性存在差异的主要原因。其中,Unique的树冠体积、干粗、株高和干高在不同品种费约果中都处于较高水平。同时,Unique的叶形指数最高为1.871,中长梢所占比例最高为74.62%,长果枝比例为51.28%,且绿叶层厚度要显著高于除Triumph外的其他5个品种,其树形为披垂形。因此,Unique和Triumph叶片垂直分布空间和光合作用的叶片面积更大,其冠层结果区域光照分布合理,这种生长特点更有利于费约果果实品质的提升,同时高产潜力更大。(2)7个品种的始花期有一定的差异,主要集中在4月末5月初,花期持续的时间在35-39天之间,盛花期持续天数为14-17天之间。不同品种的费约果单株花序数不同,其单株花朵数也存在较大差异。各品种单株花序数、单序开花数和单株花朵数的数值范围分别在39-58朵、9-26朵和408-986朵之间,其中树冠上、中层和方位属东、西方位的开花时间和数量要比树冠下层和南、北方位的时间更早、数量更多一些。各品种中,Unique的花朵数最多为986朵,单个花序的开花数为17,而Triumph的单株花朵数为831朵,均明显高于其余品种。(3)费约果果实在树冠上、中、下3层和东、南、西、北四个方位均有分布。其中,Unique的坐果率最高为60.91%,单株结果数达到489个,单株产量为7894.34g;Triumph的的单株产量次之,为6733g,单果重高达25.44g;而'Mammoth'的单株产量最低,仅为4498.78g,差异显著。其余5个费约果品种的单株产量在4904.74g-6733.20g之间,品种间无显著差异。不同品种费约果的自然坐果率都大于20%,可以满足生产留果需要。此外,Unique和Triumph的可食率、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量均为各品种中较高水平,同时可滴定酸含量较低,果实大小整齐度较好,且果皮光滑不粗糙,色泽绿中带黄,是果实品质较佳的品种。(4)对不同品种的费约果的产量与构成因素进行相关分析和主成分分析,相关分析结果表明一些性状的相关性达到了显著或极显著水平。主成分分析结果显示单株开花数、干高、单序开花数以及叶面积指数的贡献率分别为33.55%、22.85%、20.76%和14.79%,累计贡献率为91.95%。根据主成分分析结果,可以用这4个主成分概括多个指标中大多数信息来综合评价不同品种费约果品种的优劣程度。通过比较分析,本研究选定Unique和Triumph为绵阳地区高产潜力较大同时也是果实品质较佳的品种。
[Abstract]:In this study, 6-year-old Fayot cutting propagation plants of 7 varieties were used as experimental materials. The growth characteristics, flowering characteristics, fruiting characteristics and yield components of different varieties of Fayot under conventional cultivation were studied, and the differences of cultivation characteristics and yield components among varieties were compared. Therefore, the high yield and high quality Fayot varieties in Mianyang area of Sichuan Province were determined, which provided the theoretical basis for the selection of high yield and commercial cultivar of Fayot, the formulation of the corresponding technical scheme of high quality and high yield and the market popularization. The results showed that the difference of genetic and physiological factors in different varieties of Fayoguo was the main reason for the difference of growth characteristics under the condition that the cultivation ecological environment and management conditions were basically the same. The tree crown volume, dry diameter, plant height and dry height of Unique were in high level in different varieties of Fayot. At the same time, the highest leaf shape index was 1.871, the proportion of middle and long shoots was 74.62 and the proportion of long fruit branches was 51.28. The thickness of green leaf layer was significantly higher than that of other five varieties except Triumph, and its tree shape was pendulous. Therefore, the vertical distribution space and photosynthesis leaf area of the leaves of unique and Triumph leaves are larger, and the light distribution of the canopy fruiting area is reasonable. This growth characteristic is more conducive to the improvement of the fruit quality of Fayoguo. At the same time, there were some differences in the initial flowering period of the seven cultivars, mainly in late April and early May, the duration of flowering was between 35-39 days and the days of full flowering lasted 14-17 days. The number of flowers per plant was different among different varieties of Fayot. The number of inflorescence per plant, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of flowers per plant ranged from 39-58 to 9-26 and 408-986, respectively. The north is earlier and more numerous. The flower number of each variety was 986a, the flower number of single inflorescence was 17, and the number of Triumph flower per plant was 831, which was obviously higher than that of the other varieties.) Fioguo fruit was on the crown, middle, lower layer, east, south, west, east, south and west. All four northern directions are distributed. The highest fruit setting rate was 60.91g, the number of fruit per plant was 489, the yield per plant was 6733g, and the fruit weight per fruit was 25.44g.The yield per plant of Mammoth' was 4498.78g, the difference was significant. The yield per plant of the other five Fayot varieties was not significantly different from that of 4904.74g-6733.20g. The natural fruit setting rate of different varieties of Fayot was higher than 20, which could meet the need of fruit retention. In addition, the edible rate, soluble solids and soluble sugar content of Triumph, soluble solids and soluble sugar were higher than those of other varieties, and the titratable acid content was lower, the fruit size was more uniform, the skin was smooth and not rough, and the color was green and yellow. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of the yield and component factors of Fayo fruit of different varieties showed that the correlation of some characters reached significant or extremely significant level. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of flowering number, dry height, single sequence flowering number and leaf area index of single plant were 33.555.22.85% 20.76% and 14.79%, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate was 91.95%. According to the results of principal component analysis, the four principal components can be used to sum up most of the information in many indexes to evaluate comprehensively the advantages and disadvantages of different varieties of Fayoguo. Through comparative analysis, Unique and Triumph were selected as the varieties with high yield potential and better fruit quality in Mianyang area.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S667.9

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