枸杞岛海藻场食物网能量流动关键环节研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 19:15

本文选题：枸杞岛 + 海藻场　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：褐藻门(Phylum Phaeophyta)、绿藻门(Phylum Chlorophyta)等大型海藻是近岸海域重要的初级生力来源,在一些海域还会形成多年生大型海藻覆盖的海藻场、海藻床,广泛分布于世界温、寒带海洋潮下岩礁质海岸带[1]。海藻场为很多小型鱼类和经济鱼类幼鱼提供了良好的生长繁殖,躲避敌害的环境,也是以大型藻类为生的螺贝类、海胆等大型底栖动物和附着生物的高度聚集地。大型海藻在近岸固定大量氮、磷等营养盐,对海水富营养化有一定缓解作用,有良好的净化水体、抑制赤潮的作用,并对改善近海水质恢复经济鱼类栖息地建设有一定帮助,具有很高的生态价值和经济价值。岩礁底质大型海藻着生的海藻场食物网中,以大型底栖动物物为代表的初级消费者作为连接生产者-消费者的重要生物群落,是研究海藻场食物网能量流动的关键环节。底栖动物在水域生态系统食物网中扮演着“中间人”的角色。一方面,底栖动物以底泥中的营养有机质为食物来源,且在翻动过程中扰动水流,加速水流的自净化过程,最终达到改善水质营养环境的效果。另一方面,大型底栖动物作为消费者直接摄食大型海藻,消化排泄加速海藻分解碎屑化,为海藻场贡献了大量的有机碎屑,作为海藻场初级生产力的重要来源支撑了海藻场内的高物种丰富度。并随海流输送至临近岛礁海域、近岸河口、外海,为整个海区物种丰富度、种类多样性的提高提供重要基础,并有大量海藻碎屑降入海底沉积物中,丰富了海底沉积物的种类[2]。本研究以海藻场底栖食物网关键种为切入点,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术,分析海藻的自然分解过程,探明海藻场底栖食物网能量流动的关键环节,解析藻场优势种群,尤其是螺类对生境的利用策略,以期为枸杞岛海藻场食物网稳定同位素研究及海藻场生物资源养护提供数据支持,研究结果如下:1.对枸杞岛大型海藻优势种孔石莼(U.pertusa)、细枝软骨藻(C.tenuissima)、舌状蜈蚣藻(G.livida)、瓦氏马尾藻(S.vachellianum)、羊栖菜(H.fusifarme)凋落物的分解过程进行模拟,实验测定分解过程中凋落物有机C含量、有机N含量、C/N和C、N稳定同位素值。海藻凋落物δ13C、δ15N值随时间变化趋势变化较复杂,根据凋落物碎屑化过程中不同的分解主导因素,我们将枸杞岛夏季大型海藻凋落物大致分为淋溶分解期(0-11天)和微生物分解期(11-42天)。经分析计算,在构建海藻场食物网时,海藻凋落物δ15N值在分解过程中有一定的变动,对同时摄食海藻植株和海藻碎屑的杂食性的初级消费者营养级造成0.4左右偏差。2.营养富集度(trophic fraction)是依托同位素技术计算生物营养级时必不可少的重要基础数据。以海藻场四种大型海藻为饵料,选择枸杞岛海藻场大型植食性底栖动物角蝾螺(Torbo cornutus)为研究目标种,进行长时间单一饵料喂养试验,得出角蝾螺不同取样部位碳、氮富集度差别较大,腹足肌肉碳、氮稳定同位素富集度分别为2.5‰和1.0‰;胃部碳、氮稳定同位素富集度分别为4.1‰和0.8‰。并分析在不同喂养时间角蝾螺体内碳、氮稳定同位素的变化情况及波动原因。3.为厘清海藻场大型底栖动物对生境的利用策略,设计双饵料正交摄食实验,分析海藻场大型底栖动物代表种角蝾螺对潜在食物四种大型海藻的摄食偏好,结果为:细枝软骨藻瓦氏马尾藻舌状蜈蚣藻孔石莼。以角蝾螺摄食器官齿舌为研究对象,现场采集海藻场大型底栖动物角蝾螺进行分析,得出形态学特征与摄食器官齿舌的关系:按相关性排列依次为总重壳口高壳高壳宽,并综合分析角蝾螺的摄食习惯。
[Abstract]:The Phylum Phaeophyta, the green algae gate (Phylum Chlorophyta) and other large algae are an important source of primary energy in the coastal waters. In some waters, there will be perennial large algae covered seaweed fields, the algae bed, widely distributed at the world temperature, and the [1]. seaweed field of the reef coastal zone under the cold sea tide is a large number of small fish and economy. Fish larvae provide good growth and reproduction, evade the environment of the enemy, and also the high aggregation of large benthic and attached organisms such as sea urchins, such as large algae, and a large number of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can relieve the eutrophication of sea water, have a good purification water and restrain the red tide. It is helpful to the improvement of coastal water quality to restore economic fish habitat. It has high ecological value and economic value. In the marine algae field food network of large reef bottom seaweed, the primary consumer, represented by large benthic animals as the connected producer - the important biological community of consumers, is the study of the sea. The key link of energy flow in the food network of the algae field. Benthic animals play the role of "middleman" in the water ecosystem food network. On the one hand, the benthic animals use the nutrient organic matter in the sediment as the food source, and disturbance of water in the process of the movement, accelerate the self purification process of the water flow, and finally achieve the effect of improving the water quality and nutrition environment. On the other hand, the large benthic animals feed the large algae directly as consumers, and the digestion and excretion accelerates the decomposition of algae and contributes a lot of organic debris to the seaweed field. As an important source of the primary productivity of the algae field, it supports the high species richness in the algae field and is transported to the sea area near the island and reef along with the sea stream. It provides an important basis for the diversity of species richness and species diversity in the entire sea area, and a large amount of seaweed debris has been reduced into the sediments of the sea bottom, enriching the species of seafloor sediments [2].. This study was based on the key species of the benthic food network of the algae field, and applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technology to analyze the natural decomposition process of algae. The key link of the energy flow in the benthic food network of the algae field is to analyze the dominant species of the algae field, especially the utilization strategy of the snails, in order to provide data support for the stable isotope study of the food network of the Lycium barbarum and the conservation of the biological resources of the algae field. The results are as follows: 1. the dominant species of Ulva (U.pertusa The decomposition process of C.tenuissima, G.livida, S.vachellianum and H.fusifarme was simulated. The contents of organic C, organic N content, C/N and C, and N stable isotopes in the decomposition process were measured. The variation trend of delta 13C, Delta 15N values of seaweed litter changes with time The large seaweed litter in summer of Lycium barbarum is roughly divided into 0-11 days (0-11 days) and microbial decomposition period (11-42 days) according to the different decomposition dominant factors in the process of litter degradation. The omnivorous primary consumer nutrition level that feeding seaweed plants and seaweed detritus caused about 0.4 deviation.2. nutrient enrichment (trophic fraction) is an essential basic data for calculating biotrophic level based on isotopic technology. Four kinds of seaweed species in seaweed field are used as bait for large phytophagous benthos in Lycium barbarum island. The animal horns salamander (Torbo cornutus) was used as the target species to study a long time single feed feeding test. It was found that the concentration of carbon in different sampling parts of the salamander was different, the concentration of carbon and nitrogen isotopes of the gastropods were 2.5 per thousand and 1 per thousand, respectively, and the concentration of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the stomach were 4.1 and 0.8 per thousand, respectively. The change of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the salamander spiral body with the same feeding time and the cause of the fluctuation.3. were to clarify the utilization strategy of the macrozoobenthos in the seaweed field, designed the orthogonal feeding experiment of the double bait, and analyzed the feeding preference of the large benthic zoobenthos of the macrozoobenthos on the potential food four kinds of macroalgae. Bone algae Sargassum vachellianum livid Grateloupia u.pertusa. With turbo cornutus feeding organ radula as the research object, collecting seaweed benthic animal from angle analysis, obtained the relationship between morphology and feeding organ radula: according to the order of the total weight of the high correlation between shell shell height shell width, feeding habits and comprehensive analysis from angle.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S931.1

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