羔羊必需氨基酸限制性顺序和模式的研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:27

本文选题：羔羊 + 湖羊　；参考：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在通过部分扣除法研究了日粮中赖氨酸(LYS,lysine)、蛋氨酸(MET,methionine、苏氨酸(THR,threonine)和色氨酸(TRP,tryptophan)扣除对湖羊羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响,确立了以日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(F/G)、屠宰率(DP)和氮沉积(NR)为指标限制性氨基酸顺序及平衡模式。并进一步通过屠体法探讨了羔羊屠体不同部位氨基酸组成和模式,为科学规模化养羊提供理论依据。本研究包括三个部分,具体内容如下:试验一必需氨基酸扣除对断奶羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能、限制性顺序和模式的探索本试验采用单因素试验设计,以四种主要氨基酸部分扣除为试验因素,通过测定羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能来探索断奶羔羊的四种必需氨基酸的限制性顺序和需要量模式。选取50日龄湖羊断奶公羊100只,随机分为5组(每组4个重复,每个重复5只):对照组(PC)饲喂氨基酸(AA)平衡的饲粮,PC组饲粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸含量分别为1.16%、0.38%、0.58%和0.16%,4个试验组饲喂在PC组的基础上分别扣除30%的赖氨酸(PD-Lys)、蛋氨酸(PD-Met)、苏氨酸(PD-Thr)和色氨酸(PD-Trp组)的饲粮,其余氨基酸保持一致。预试验10 d,试验期为60 d。于羔羊60、90和120日龄称量体重,在120日龄每组随机选取6只羔羊进行屠宰。结果表明:1)120日龄PD-Met组羔羊体重显著低于PC、PD-Lys、PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P0.05),60-90日龄和90-120日龄PD-Met组羔羊日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(F/G)显著低于PC、PD-Lys、PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P(27)0.05);120日龄时,PD-Met组羔羊的空体重、胴体重、头蹄和皮毛重、心脏、肝脏重量及其占宰前活重均显著低于PC组(P(27)0.05);2)结合以最大ADG和F/G为指标时,两阶段四种AA限制性顺序为:Met(29)Lys(29)Thr(29)Trp(60-90 d)和Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr(90-120 d);而以最大DP为指标时,羔羊氨基酸的限制性顺序为Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr(60-120 d)。以最大ADG和F/G作为参考指标时,两阶段Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的适宜比例分别为100:44:44:8、100:42:38:12、100:54:45:7和100:47:39:12;以最大DP为指标时,60-120 d日龄四个处理组Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的适宜比例为100:34:38:8(60-120 d)。由以上结果可以看出,不同评价指标(ADG、F/G和DP)得出的不同生长阶段Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的限制性顺序和需要模型是不同的。从湖羊断奶羔羊的生长性能、F/G、屠宰性能、器官指数和氨基酸模式的结果看,随着日龄的增长,羔羊对Met的限制性大于Lys、Thr和Trp,且综合羔羊获得最大ADG、F/G和DP时,Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的适宜模式为100:44:42:8(60-90 d)和100:41:38:11(90-120 d)。试验二必需氨基酸扣除对断奶羔羊营养物质消化代谢、氮平衡模式、血清学指标和瘤胃发酵参数的影响本试验利用氨基酸部分扣除法研究开食料赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸对断奶后羔羊氮利用率、瘤胃发酵参数和血清学指标的影响,以期确立氮平衡氨基酸限制性顺序和模式。试验处理和方法同试验一。分别于羔羊80-90日龄和110-120日龄进行两期氮平衡试验。于90、120日龄测定其血清学指标,并测定瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:1)80-90日龄,PD-Lys和PD-Met组尿N排放量显著高于PC组(P0.05),PD-Met组N沉积、N利用率、N表观消化率和N表观生物学价值显著低于PC、PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P0.05);在110-120日龄期间,PD-Met组的N沉积、N沉积率、N表观消化率和N表观生物学价值均显著低于PC组(P0.01)。2)以最大氮沉积(NR)为衡量指标时,60-90日龄和90-120日龄两阶段的限制性氨基酸顺序均为:Met(29)Lys(29)Thr(29)Trp和Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr。获得最大NR时四种氨基酸模式分别为100:37:45:12和100:41:39:12。3)90日龄PD-Met组葡萄糖显著低于PC组(P0.05),120日龄PD-Met组白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮和胆固醇显著低于PC组(P0.05)。4)PD-Lys组和PD-Met组瘤胃pH含量极显著低于PC组、PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P(27)0.01),PD-Met、PD-Thr和PD-Trp组的丙酸和丁酸浓度极显著低于PC和PD-Lys组(P(27)0.01)。综上所述,60-120日龄断奶羔羊开食料中添加PD-Lys、PD-Met、PD-Thr和PD-Trp可以在一定程度上提高湖羊断奶公羔羊的氮沉积量;改善瘤胃发酵功能。Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的限制性氨基酸顺序分别为Met(29)Lys(29)Thr(29)Trp(60-90 d)和Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr(90-120 d),适宜模式为100:39:42:12。试验三四种必需氨基酸缺乏对湖羊断奶羔羊肉品质和不同部位氨基酸含量变化的影响本试验旨在研究饲粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸对断奶湖羊公羔羊肉品质、不同部位氨基酸组成和含量的影响。试验设计和方法同试验一。结果表明:1)PC和PD-Lys组眼肌面积、PH值和肉色L*值极显著高于PD-Met、PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P0.01),PD-Lys组剪切力显著低于PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P0.05);2)PD-Met组胴体粗蛋白含量和头蹄样水分含量显著低于PC和PD-Lys组(P0.05),PC、PD-Lys和PD-Met组皮毛粗脂肪含量极显著低于PD-Thr和PD-Trp组(P0.01);3)氨基酸不平衡组屠体TEAA和TNAA含量显著低于PC组。60-120日龄湖羊胴体、皮毛和头蹄样的Lys、Met、Thr和Trp氨基酸模式分别为100:35:44:13、100:21:129:11和100:34:70:7。综合以上结果,日粮中缺乏必需氨基酸对羔羊肉品质和屠体氨基酸组成有较大影响,羔羊胴体氨基酸模式与扣除法得到氨基酸模式接近。总之,必需氨基酸缺乏及氨基酸不平衡直接影响了羔羊的体重、日增重和屠宰性能,阻碍了氮消化代谢、瘤胃挥发酸和血清学含量,降低了肉品质、屠体营养,并对屠体不同部位氨基酸含量和模型造成不利的影响;而且,不同部位氨基酸含量和比例接近羔羊ADG、F/G、DP和NR氨基酸平衡模式。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of LYS (lysine), methionine (MET, methionine, THR, threonine) and tryptophan (TRP, tryptophan) on the growth performance, slaughter performance, digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of sheep lambs, and established a daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion rate (F/G), and slaughter rate (D). P) and nitrogen deposition (NR) as the index limiting amino acid sequence and equilibrium model. Furthermore, the amino acid composition and pattern of different parts of lamb slaughterhouse were discussed by the slaughterhouse method, which provided a theoretical basis for scientific scale raising sheep. This study includes three parts. The specific contents are as follows: a test of a essential amino acid for the growth performance of weaned lambs The experiment of slaughter performance, restriction sequence and pattern is designed by single factor experiment, and four kinds of main amino acids are deducted as test factors. By measuring the growth performance of lamb and slaughter performance, the restrictive order and demand pattern of four essential amino acids of the weaned lambs are explored. 100 weanling rams of 50 day old age lake sheep are selected. They were randomly divided into 5 groups (4 repetitions in each group, 5 for each repeat): the control group (PC) was fed with amino acid (AA) balanced diet, and the contents of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in the PC group were 1.16%, 0.38%, 0.58% and 0.16%, respectively, and 4 test groups were fed on the basis of group PC to deduct 30% lysine (PD-Lys), methionine (PD-Met), and threonine (PD). -Thr) and tryptophan (group PD-Trp) diet, the rest of the amino acids were consistent. The pre test was 10 d, the test period was 60 D. at 60,90 and 120 days old weight, and 6 lambs were slaughtered at 120 days of age. The results showed that 1) the 120 day old PD-Met group was significantly lower than PC, PD-Lys, PD-Thr and PD-Trp groups (P0.05), 60-90 days of age and 90-. The daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (F/G) of 120 day old PD-Met lambs were significantly lower than those of PC, PD-Lys, PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P (27) 0.05). At 120 days old, the empty weight, carcass weight, head and fur weight, heart, liver weight and pre slaughter live weight of group PD-Met were significantly lower than those of PC group (P (27) 0.05) at 120 days of age; 2) combined with maximum ADG and two as the index, two The four AA restrictive sequences are: Met (29) Lys (29) Thr (29) Trp (60-90 d) and Met (29) Lys (29) Trp (29) Thr (90-120 d), while the limiting order of lamb amino acids is (29) (29) (29) when the maximum DP is the index. 44:8100:42:38:12100:54:45:7 and 100:47:39:12; with the maximum DP as the index, the appropriate proportion of Lys, Met, Thr and Trp at 60-120 D days of age is 100:34:38:8 (60-120 d). Same. From the results of the growth performance, F/G, slaughter performance, organ index and amino acid patterns of sheep weaning lambs, with the growth of age, the lambs are more restrictive to Met than Lys, Thr and Trp, and when the lamb gets the maximum ADG, F/G and DP, the suitable mode of Lys, Met, Thr and Trp (90-120). The effects of two essential amino acids on nutrient digestion, metabolism, nitrogen balance, serological index and rumen fermentation parameters of the weaned lambs, the effect of amino acid partial deduction on the effects of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan on the nitrogen use rate, the rumen fermentation parameters and the serological indexes of the weaned lambs In order to establish the restriction sequence and pattern of nitrogen balanced amino acid. Experimental treatment and method were used in the same experiment. 80-90 days of age and 110-120 days of age of lamb were tested respectively. The serological indexes were measured at 90120 days of age and the rumen fermentation parameters were measured. The results showed that the urine N emission of PD-Lys and PD-Met groups was significantly higher than that of P at 80-90 days of age. Group C (P0.05), N deposition in group PD-Met, N utilization, N apparent digestibility and N apparent biological value were significantly lower than PC, PD-Thr and PD-Trp groups (P0.05). During the 110-120 day age, the deposition rate, the apparent digestibility and the apparent biological value of the PD-Met group were significantly lower than those of the maximum nitrogen deposition (60-90 days of age). The order of the limiting amino acids in the two stage of the 90-120 day age was: Met (29) Lys (29) Thr (29) Trp and Met (29) Lys (29) Trp (29) Thr. obtained the maximum NR, four amino acids were 100:37:45:12 and 100:41:39:12.3) 90 days old PD-Met group glucose was significantly lower than that of the group of albumin, globulin, urea nitrogen and cholesterol. The rumen pH content in group PD-Lys and PD-Met group was significantly lower than that in group PD-Lys and PD-Met, PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P (27) 0.01), PD-Met, the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid in PD-Thr and.4 group was significantly lower than that in the group of PD-Met and PD-Trp (27) 0.01. The nitrogen deposition of weanling male lambs was improved to a certain degree, and the order of limiting amino acids in the rumen fermentation function.Lys, Met, Thr and Trp were Met (29) Lys (29) Thr (29) Trp (60-90 d) and Met (29) Lys (29) Trp (90-120), and the suitable model was to test three or four essential amino acids for lacked lamb meat quality of Hu sheep. Influence of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan on the quality of lamb and mutton in weanling sheep and the amino acid composition and content of different parts of the weaned sheep. Experimental design and methods were designed and tested. The results showed: 1) the area of eye muscle, pH value and L* value of meat color in group PC and PD-Lys were very significant. Higher than PD-Met, PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P0.01), the shear force of PD-Lys group was significantly lower than that of PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P0.05); 2) the crude protein content of the carcass and the content of head hoofed water were significantly lower than those of PC and PD-Lys group (P0.05). The content of body TEAA and TNAA was significantly lower than that of the.60-120 day old lake sheep carcass in PC group. The Lys, Met, Thr and Trp amino acid patterns of the fur and head hoofed samples were 100:35:44:13100:21:129:11 and 100:34:70:7., respectively. The lack of essential amino acids in the diet had a great influence on the lamb quality and the composition of the carcass amino acid, and the amino acid model of the lamb carcass. In conclusion, the lack of essential amino acids and unbalance of amino acids directly affect the weight of the lamb, the daily weight gain and the slaughter performance, hindering the nitrogen metabolism, the volatile acid and the serological content of the rumen, the meat quality, the butcher nutrition, and the adverse effects on the amino acid content and model of the different parts of the slaughterhouse. The amino acid content and proportion of different parts were close to the amino acid balance mode of lamb ADG, F/G, DP and NR.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826.5

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