赤峰市地埋式滴灌玉米技术模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 16:23

本文选题：玉米 + 地埋式滴灌　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：论文以内蒙古赤峰地区为研究背景,进行了地埋式滴灌玉米灌溉制度和滴灌带间距、埋深和滴头流量工程技术参数优选田间小区试验,旨在通过研究不同滴灌带布设方式和不同灌水定额条件下,玉米株高、茎粗以及产量的变化,分析研究地埋式滴灌玉米的耗水量及耗水规律变化,为赤峰市乃至西辽河地区玉米地埋式滴灌工程建设和灌水管理提供技术支持。通过试验和分析,论文主要得出如下结论:1.玉米生长大致可分为缓慢生长期、快速生长期和缓慢生长期三个阶段。不同生育期,地埋式滴灌玉米的主要耗水土层深度不同。缓苗期~苗期,0~20cm土层为主要耗水层,拔节期的主要耗水层为20~40cm,抽穗期到成熟期为20~60cm。地埋式滴灌玉米的耗水规律呈现出“小-大-小”的趋势,与土壤水分动态变化曲线相吻合。2.滴灌带间距、埋深、滴头流量及灌溉定额对株高、茎粗及产量均有一定的影响,从影响的程度来看,灌溉定额和滴灌带埋深的影响要大于滴头流量。3.地埋式滴灌玉米全生育期耗水量为304.15~467.01mm,耗水强度在2.14~3.29mm/d,灌溉定额越大,耗水量越大。4.产量与灌溉定额呈正相关关系,但增长的幅度会逐渐降低。2015年实验区生育期内有效降雨为174.4mm,为干旱年,降雨频率为85%,地埋式滴灌玉米适宜的灌溉定额为262.5mm,灌水次数为5次,产量为864.24kg/亩,水分利用效率为2.12kg/m~3。5.根据玉米产量和水分利用效率综合分析,得出适宜于赤峰地区的玉米地埋式滴灌最优技术参数为:滴头流量1.38L/h,滴灌带间距为0.8m,滴灌带埋深为0.35m。此时的玉米实测产量达941kg/亩,水分利用效率2.65kg/m~3。
[Abstract]:Based on the background of the research in Chifeng area of Inner Mongolia, the field plot experiment was carried out in this paper. The irrigation schedule, the spacing of drip irrigation zone, the depth of burying and the technical parameters of drip discharge engineering were selected. The purpose of this study was to study the changes of corn plant height, stem diameter and yield under different drip irrigation patterns and irrigation quotas, and to analyze the changes of water consumption and water consumption of buried drip irrigation maize. It provides technical support for the construction and irrigation management of maize buried drip irrigation project in Chifeng and even in Xiliaohe area. Through experiment and analysis, the paper draws the following conclusion: 1. Maize growth can be divided into three stages: slow growth, fast growth and slow growth. At different growth stages, the depth of main water-consuming soil layer of buried drip irrigation maize was different. The main water-consuming layer was 20cm in soil layer from slow seedling stage to seedling stage, 20 ~ 40 cm in jointing stage, and 20 ~ 60 cm in heading stage to maturity stage. The trend of water consumption of buried drip irrigation maize was "small, big and small", which coincided with the dynamic change curve of soil moisture. 2. The spacing of drip irrigation zone, depth of burying, drip discharge and irrigation quota had some effects on plant height, stem diameter and yield. From the degree of influence, the influence of irrigation quota and depth of drip irrigation zone was greater than that of drip irrigation flow. The water consumption of buried drip irrigation maize is 304.15 ~ 467.01 mm in the whole growth period, and the water consumption intensity is 2.14 ~ 3.29 mm / d. The larger the irrigation quota is, the greater the water consumption is. There was a positive correlation between yield and irrigation quota, but the range of increase would decrease gradually. In 2015, the effective rainfall was 174.4 mm, which was drought year, the rainfall frequency was 85 mm, the suitable irrigation quota was 262.5 mm and the irrigation times was 5 times. The yield is 864.24kg/ mu and the water use efficiency is 2.12kg / mc3.5. Based on the comprehensive analysis of maize yield and water use efficiency, the optimum technical parameters of maize buried drip irrigation in Chifeng area were obtained as follows: drip discharge 1.38 L / h, drip irrigation band spacing 0.8 m, and drip irrigation zone depth 0.35 m. At this time, the measured yield of maize is up to 941kg/ mu, and the water use efficiency is 2.65 kg / m ~ (3).
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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