岭南槭群落特征、色彩呈现及美景度研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 14:49

【摘要】：岭南槭(Acer tutcheriDuthie)广泛的分布于泛珠三角低山丘陵区,是该地区典型的乡土彩叶树种。其春季新叶与秋冬季叶色艳丽,极具观赏价值,可广泛用于岭南地区城镇绿化。本研究以广东省南岭国家级自然保护区、黑石顶省级自然保护区和深圳大鹏半岛国家地质公园七娘山的岭南槭天然群落为对象,对岭南槭群落特征、叶色表现以及观赏期开展研究,探讨影响岭南槭叶色变化的关键环境因子,并采用美景度评价法(SBE)对不同天然群落叶色动态变化开展评价,建立岭南槭美景度评价模型。研究结果表明:(1)不同区域岭南槭天然群落物种组成较为丰富,其中南岭样地共出现维管植物214种,其丰富度最高,其次为黑石顶和七娘山。岭南槭天然群落整体上径级分布均呈倒“J”型,群落更新良好,其中黑石顶4cm径级以下岭南槭比例最高,达到57.14%,且该区域岭南槭平均树高达到15.1m,红叶景观效果最好。南岭岭南槭群落的物种多样性指数均高于黑石顶和七娘山,说明南岭岭南槭群落稳定性相对较好。所有区域主要木本植物总体关联性呈显著正相关(P0.05),其中以黑石顶岭南槭所在天然群落正联结性相对较强。因此在珠三角营建改造岭南槭风景林时应适量补植幼苗,并参考黑石顶岭南槭所在天然群落的植物搭配合理选择树种,提高岭南槭风景林的物种多样性和景观效果。(2)岭南槭红叶期主要集中在9月至翌年1月,红叶期持续时间最长的是黑石顶,持续时间为81~111天,其次为七娘山。叶色特征研究发现,从10月上旬开始,岭南槭叶色与环境本底色差值呈现上升趋势,其中,黑石顶和南岭在12月上半月达到峰值,分别为17.92NBS、26.20NBS,七娘山在12月下半月达到峰值,为24.71NBS。年周期色差值最大的地区是南岭,说明该区岭南槭彩叶景观视觉效果相对较强烈。(3)色差分析显示,南岭岭南槭最佳观赏期为每年11月份,黑石顶岭南槭最佳观赏期为每年的11月上半月至12月上半月,七娘山岭南槭最佳观赏期为每年的11月下半月至12月下半月。其中高海拔的岭南槭最佳观赏期相对较短,比低海拔观赏期持续时间短了半个月左右。七娘山岭南槭红叶期结束时间最迟,最佳观赏期相对较长,有利于冬季观赏红叶景观。(4)岭南槭红叶特征与环境因子存在显著相关性(P0.05)。其中红叶始期与经度、土壤速效K含量显著正相关,最大色差值与速效K呈极显著正相关,最佳观赏期持续时间与海拔、有效Cu显著负相关,最佳观赏期的最大色差值与纬度极显著负相关,红叶期持续时间与全K呈显著负相关,与有效P、有效Cu呈极显著负相关;岭南槭红叶最佳观赏期由北到南逐渐延迟;较低的海拔、经度、纬度较低,较低的土壤中全K、有效P、有效Cu的含量,较高的速效K含量有利于岭南槭红叶景观的表达。(5)岭南槭景观美景度的分值相差较小,由高到底分别为黑石顶、七娘山、南岭。其中黑石顶具有鲜亮红色、红叶比例超过2/3、色叶差异性较大、树干较清晰的岭南槭景观美景度得分值较高。岭南槭总体景观美景度主要受到彩叶色泽、叶色差异性、树叶疏密度、冠形、背景5个景观因子影响。对模型分析表明:人们更偏好色泽鲜亮、与周围叶色差异性较大、树叶疏密度茂盛、非纺锤形的冠形的岭南槭景观。
[Abstract]:South of the Five Ridges maple (Acer tutcheriDuthie) is widely distributed in the low mountain and hilly area of the Pan Pearl River Delta. It is a typical native colored leaf tree in this area. The new leaf in spring and autumn and winter are bright and ornamental, and can be widely used in the urban greening of South of the Five Ridges. This study is a natural protection area of the Nanling National Level in Guangdong province and the provincial nature reserve of the black stone. With the natural community of South of the Five Ridges maple of the Shenzhen Dapeng National Geological Park, the National Geopark of July 7 Niang, the characteristics, leaf color and ornamental period of the Acer Maple community in south of the Five Ridges were studied, and the key environmental factors affecting the change of the leaf color of maple in south of the Five Ridges were discussed, and the dynamic changes of leaf color of different natural communities were evaluated by the beauty evaluation method (SBE), and south of the Five Ridges was established. The results showed that: (1) the species composition of the natural community of Acer Acer in south of the Five Ridges was rich in different regions, and 214 species of vascular plants were found in Nanling area, the richness was the highest, followed by the black stone top and the seven Niang mountain. The overall size distribution of the natural community of Acer Maple was inverted "J" type, and the community was well updated, of which the black stone top was 4C The proportion of South of the Five Ridges maple in south of the Five Ridges is the highest, reaching 57.14%, and the average tree height of maple in the south of the Five Ridges area is up to 15.1m, and the effect of red leaf landscape is the best. The species diversity index of the maple community in south of the Five Ridges of Nanling is higher than that of the black stone top and the seven Niang mountains, which indicates that the stability of the maple community in south of the Five Ridges is relatively good. Positive correlation (P0.05), of which the natural community of South of the Five Ridges maple of black stone is relatively strong. Therefore, in the construction and transformation of South of the Five Ridges Maple scenic forest in the Pearl River Delta, some plants should be replanted and the plants of the natural community of the black stone top of the Acer maple in south of the Five Ridges should be selected to choose the tree species to improve the species diversity and landscape effect of the south of the Five Ridges Maple landscape forest. The red leaf period of South of the Five Ridges Maple mainly concentrated from September to January of the next year. The longest duration of the red leaf period was the black stone top, and the duration was 81~111 days, followed by the seven Niang mountains. The leaf color characteristics of the south of the Five Ridges maple leaf color and the background color difference showed a rising trend from the first ten days of October, of which the black stone top and the Nanling peak reached the peak in the first half of December. 17.92NBS, 26.20NBS, and seven Niang mountains peak in the second half of the month of 12. The area of the largest 24.71NBS. period color difference is Nanling. It shows that the visual effect of the color leaf landscape of South of the Five Ridges maple is relatively strong. (3) the color difference analysis shows that the best ornamental period of maple in south of the Five Ridges of Nanling is November, and the best viewing period of the black stone top of South of the Five Ridges maple is 11 a year. From the first half of the month to the first half of December, the best ornamental period of maple Acer in the south of July is the next half of the year from 11 to the second half of the month of 12. The best viewing period of Acer Acer in high altitude is relatively short, and it is half a month shorter than the low altitude viewing period. The best ornamental period is relatively long and the best viewing period is relatively long, and the best viewing period is relatively long. (4) there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of the red leaf of South of the Five Ridges maple and the environmental factors (P0.05). The beginning of the red leaf was significantly positively correlated with the longitude, the soil quick effect K content, the maximum color difference was significantly positively correlated with the available K, and the best viewing duration was negatively correlated with the effective Cu, and the maximum color difference of the best viewing period. There is a significant negative correlation between the value and latitude. The duration of the red leaf period is negatively correlated with the whole K, and is negatively correlated with the effective P and effective Cu; the best viewing period of the red leaf of South of the Five Ridges maple is delayed gradually from north to South; the lower altitude, longitude, latitude are lower, the lower soil is all K, effective P, the content of effective Cu, and the higher available K content is beneficial to the maple of maple. The expression of red leaf landscape. (5) the difference of landscape beauty of South of the Five Ridges Maple landscape is small, from high to black stone top, seven Niang mountain, Nanling. The black stone top is bright red, the proportion of red leaf is more than 2/3, the difference of color leaf is larger, the landscape of Acer Maple with clear trunk is higher. The overall landscape beauty of South of the Five Ridges maple is mainly affected by the landscape of South of the Five Ridges maple. Color color, color difference, leaf density, leaf density, crown shape and background are the 5 landscape factors. Model analysis shows that people prefer bright color, large difference with surrounding leaf color, dense leaf density, non spindle shaped crown of South of the Five Ridges Maple landscape.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S687

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