栽培小麦对硒酸态和亚硒酸态硒的吸收及腐殖酸的影响

发布时间：2018-10-12 09:33

【摘要】：通过无营养水培和富硒、足硒和缺硒土壤栽培小麦14天,收获小麦茎叶部分并用ICP-MS测定其硒含量,研究了小麦对0-80μg/L(μg/kg)Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)的吸收和腐殖酸钠的影响,探讨不同地区调控小麦硒含量以生产达到国家富硒产品要求粮食的方法。无营养水培小麦,添加0.5 g/L腐殖酸钠对小麦吸收Se~(4+)有促进作用,但对小麦吸收Se~(6+)有抑制作用,最高达对照的31.9%。在10-80μg/L Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)的培养浓度范围对小麦茎叶部分生物量无显著影响。水培小麦试验结果可以作为调控依据直接应用于设施农业生产富硒农产品。青海富硒土壤,南充足硒土壤,大骨节病区阿坝和金川土壤栽培小麦硒含量随Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)浓度呈线性增加。除了添加Se~(6+)的阿坝土壤,土壤添加0.5 g/kg腐殖酸钠对小麦吸收Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)都有明显抑制作用,最高达83%。南充足硒、阿坝和金川缺硒土壤栽培小麦吸收Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)的特征分别相近,说明农作物在某些土壤类型之间对Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)的吸收可以用同一关系式描述。无营养水培和土壤栽培小麦吸收更多Se~(6+)。水培小麦吸收的Se~(6+)约是Se~(4+)的6-10倍。不同土壤栽培小麦吸收的Se~(6+)约是Se~(4+)的3-12倍。土壤Se~(6+)含量是硒的植物有效性暨粮食硒含量相关性最重要硒形态。建议富硒土壤类型的划分以Se~(6+)含量为指标。为了降低成本提高硒的利用率和保护环境避免硒污染,生产富硒农产品土壤应该施用Se~(6+)。按照人体健康所需硒的摄入量相关国家标准,富硒粮食硒含量以0.15 mg/kg为宜。可以用特定土壤Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)浓度与粮食硒含量关系式计算所需要土壤的Se~(4+)和Se~(6+)浓度。如大骨节病区阿坝县生产硒含量为0.15 mg/kg的粮食土壤需要的Se~(4+)为14.0μg/kg,或Se~(6+)为5.33μg/kg。建议Se~(6+)在播种时或生长前期施用。
[Abstract]:Wheat was cultivated for 14 days in non-nutritious water culture and selenium-enriched soil. Wheat stem and leaf parts were harvested and their selenium content was determined by ICP-MS. The effects of wheat on the absorption of 0-80 渭 g / L (渭 g/kg) Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) were studied. The methods of controlling the selenium content of wheat in different areas to meet the requirements of national selenium-rich products were discussed. The addition of 0.5 g / L sodium humate promoted wheat uptake of Se~ (4), but inhibited wheat uptake of Se~ (6). The culture concentration of 10-80 渭 g / L Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) had no significant effect on the biomass of wheat stem and leaf. The results of hydroponic wheat experiment can be used as the basis of regulation for the production of selenium-rich agricultural products in facility agriculture. The selenium content of cultivated wheat increased linearly with the concentration of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) in soils of Qinghai, Nanchong and Kaschin-Beck disease areas. In addition to the Aba soil supplemented with Se~ (6), the addition of 0.5 g/kg sodium humate significantly inhibited wheat uptake of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6), with a maximum of 833%. The characteristics of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) uptake by cultivated wheat in Nanchong, Aba and Jinchuan se deficient soils were similar, respectively, indicating that the absorption of Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) by crops in some soil types could be described by the same formula. More Se~ (6) was absorbed by non-nutrient hydroponic and soil cultivated wheat. The uptake of Se~ (6) by hydroponic wheat was 6-10 times of that of Se~ (4). The uptake of Se~ (6) by wheat in different soils was 3 to 12 times that of Se~ (4). Soil Se~ (6) content is the most important selenium form in plant availability and grain selenium content. It was suggested that the content of Se~ (6) should be taken as the index for the classification of se rich soil types. In order to reduce the cost and improve the utilization rate of selenium and to protect the environment from selenium pollution, Se~ (6) should be applied to produce selenium-rich agricultural soil. According to the relevant national standard of selenium intake for human health, the selenium content of rich selenium grain is 0. 15 mg/kg. The relation between Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) concentrations and grain selenium content can be used to calculate the Se~ (4) and Se~ (6) concentrations of soil. For example, the Se~ (4) needed for producing 0. 15 mg/kg grain soil in Kashin-Beck disease area Aba County was 14. 0 渭 g / kg, or 5. 33 渭 g / kg for Se~ (6). It is suggested that Se~ (6) be applied during sowing or early growth.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.1

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