设施灵武长枣果实裂果特性与防控技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 15:29

【摘要】：灵武长枣是宁夏地方特色优良鲜食枣树品种,果实营养丰富,酸甜可口,适应性强。近年来当地大力发展设施长枣种植,但果实裂果现象较为严重。本研究以设施栽培灵武长枣为材料,采用室内浸泡果实观察裂果特性,田间调查设施栽培灵武长枣裂果发生规律;设置控制土壤水分与喷施防裂果营养液两种试验,测定不同处理下果实裂果与营养品质等指标,筛选确定防控灵武长枣果实裂果的技术。主要结果如下:1.设施栽培灵武长枣果实裂果方式有4种:横裂、纵裂、横裂+纵裂、不规则裂;裂果率与空气湿度、温度呈正相关。2.灵武长枣果实裂果发生与其着色率、果实大小密切相关。其中全红果总吸水量比75%着色果的多,并且全红果裂果率、裂果指数都大于75%着色果;不同果实大小等级的果实裂果率大小顺序依次是:三等果四等果一等果二等果。3.土壤含水量影响果实裂果与品质。土壤含水量为田间最大持水量60～70%水平下,各覆盖处理的裂果率均低于土壤含水量为田间最大持水量70～80%水平的各处理,其中采用黑色地膜覆盖处理的裂果率最低(18.22%)。土壤含水量为田间最大持水量70～80%水平下,采用黑色地膜覆盖处理能促进枣吊生长,提高叶绿素含量、可溶性固形物、糖酸比。土壤含水量为田间最大持水量60～70%水平下,采用黑色地膜覆盖处理对果实纵径、横径、可溶性糖有提高作用,采用覆草处理的果实产量、单果重最高。4.喷施不同浓度的食用牛奶(N)、知青糖醇钙(T)、好能含腐殖酸水溶肥料(HN)、大不裂(D)、真果丽中量元素水溶肥料(Z)、华硕植物营养液(HS)对灵武长枣果实裂果的防治效果不同。不同营养液喷施均可显著降低设施栽培灵武长枣的裂果率,提高灵武长枣的单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量和Vc含量。其中大不裂(D1000)处理对裂果防治效果最好,比对照(不喷施任何营养液CK2)处理的裂果率降低25.82%。灵武长枣果实裂果发生与空气湿度、温度有关。土壤含水量为田间最大持水量60～70%水平下,采用黑色地膜覆盖可降低裂果率;喷施好能含腐殖酸水溶肥料(HN)、大不裂(D)、华硕植物营养液(HS)可降低果实裂果率,因此建议在生产中推广覆膜控制土壤含水分水平,并配合喷施营养液来防治裂果。
[Abstract]:Lingwu Changzao is an excellent fresh jujube variety with local characteristics in Ningxia. Its fruit is rich in nutrition, sour, sweet and delicious, and has strong adaptability. In recent years, local efforts to develop facilities of jujube planting, but the fruit cracking phenomenon is more serious. In this study, Lingwu Changzao jujube was cultivated in greenhouse, the fruit was soaked in laboratory to observe the characteristics of fruit cracking, the rule of occurrence was investigated in the field, and two kinds of experiments were set up to control soil moisture and spray the nutrient solution of anti-cracking fruit. The indexes of fruit dehiscence and nutritional quality under different treatments were determined and the control techniques of Lingwu Changzao fruit were selected. The main results are as follows: 1. There are four types of fruit cracking in protected cultivation of Lingwu Changzao: transverse, longitudinal, transverse, irregular, and the rate of fruit cracking is positively correlated with air humidity and temperature. 2. The fruit cracking of Lingwu Changzao was closely related to its color rate and fruit size. The total water absorption of red fruit was more than that of 75% colored fruit, and the rate and index of the whole red fruit were all larger than 75%, and the order of fruit cracking rate of different size grades was: third, fourth, first, second, third. Soil moisture content affects fruit cracking and quality. When the soil moisture content was the maximum water holding capacity of 60 ~ 70% in the field, the dehiscence rate of each mulching treatment was lower than that of the treatment with soil water content of 70 ~ 80% in the field, among which the black mulching treatment had the lowest (18.22%). When the soil moisture content was 70 ~ 80%, the black film mulching treatment could promote the growth of jujube, increase the chlorophyll content, soluble solids and the ratio of sugar to acid. When the soil moisture content was the maximum water holding capacity of 6070% in the field, the black film mulching treatment could increase the fruit longitudinal diameter, horizontal diameter and soluble sugar, and the fruit yield under the mulching treatment was the highest, and the fruit weight per fruit was the highest (4. 4%). Spraying different concentrations of edible milk (N), educated glycosylated calcium (T), can contain humic acid water soluble fertilizer (HN), not cracked (D), water soluble medium element fertilizer (Z), Asus plant nutrient solution (HS) has different control effect on fruit split of Lingwu Zizyphus jujuba. Spraying with different nutrient solution could significantly reduce the split rate of Lingwu Changzao in protected cultivation, and increase the single fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar content and Vc content of Lingwu Changzao jujube. The treatment of D1000 had the best effect on the control of dehiscence, which was 25.82% lower than that of the control (CK2 without any nutrient solution). The fruit cracking of Lingwu Changzao was related to air humidity and temperature. When soil moisture content was 6070%, black film mulching could reduce the rate of fruit cracking, and spraying water soluble fertilizer (HN), containing humic acid could reduce the rate of fruit split, while (HS) could reduce the rate of fruit cracking. Therefore, it is suggested that mulching control soil moisture level and spraying nutrient solution to control fruit cracking in production.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S628;S665.1

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