现代俄语中苏联解体后的回归词

发布时间：2018-03-23 15:44

本文选题：现代俄语　切入点：苏联解体　出处：《兰州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：词汇是语言三要素(语音、词汇、语法)中最活跃和最易变化的部分,其发展变化一直与语言内、外因素密不可分。“旧词回归”这一词汇现象就是语言外因素,如历史条件、社会现实、国家现状等的变化对词汇发展直接影响的结果。“旧词回归”并不是现代俄语词汇体系中的新现象。俄罗斯的俄语学者从语言动态发展、词汇发展的历时趋势、篇章语义学等角度对回归词进行了研究。而国内的俄语学者也关注到了“旧词回归”这一词汇现象,但并没有给予其足够多的关注,缺乏对回归词系统的研究。积极词汇和消极词汇的概念是确定回归词的重要理论基础。回归词属于积极词汇,这与旧词和新词又截然不同。广义上,回归词就是从消极词汇返回到积极词汇的词语。本文从狭义上为回归词梳理概念,界定回归词与旧词、新词的联系与区别,并由此划分出旧词的三种回归方式。回归词涉及俄罗斯社会的各方面,本文从词性、主题、词源等不同角度对其进行分类。回归到广泛使用中的不仅是单词,还有单词的个别词义,因此本文将回归词又分为完全回归词和不完全回归词(半回归词)。此外,在广泛的使用中回归词呈现出了一系列变化：语义结构的扩大和缩小、通用词汇与专业词汇的相互转化、感情表现力色彩(评价色彩)的失去和获得、功能语体特点的变化以及书写形式和重音的改变。其中以回归词中的宗教词汇和经济词汇的变化最为突出。本文把俄罗斯国家和社会的变化和发展看成是回归词变化的社会背景,影响这一系列变化的原因就更为直接和具体：新指称事物的出现、指称事物本身的改变、词汇语义的聚合关系、词汇本身的术语性等。本文对现代俄语中苏联解体后的回归词进行了较为系统的梳理。对回归词狭义概念的探讨、完全回归词和不完全回归词的定义是本文作者的一点思考。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary is the language of three elements (pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar) in the most active and easy to change, its development has been with the language, factors outside are inseparable. The "old word return" this vocabulary phenomenon is the external factors, such as historical conditions, social reality, change the current situations of development has a direct impact the words "new old words. The phenomenon of return" is not a modern Russian vocabulary system in Russia. Russian scholars from the language dynamic development trend, diachronic lexical development, discourse semantics perspective of words. In the regression and Russian scholars have expressed concern that the "old word return" this vocabulary phenomenon, but did not give it enough attention, lack of research on the return word system.
The concept of positive words and negative words is an important theoretical basis for determining the return word. Return word belongs to positive words, the old words and new words and also different. In general, the word is from the negative return back to the active vocabulary vocabulary words. From the narrow sense to return word carding concept, define regression words and old words, the relation and difference between new words, which are divided into three kinds of regression of old words.
The return word involves all aspects of Russian society, this article from the part of speech, the theme, classify the different point of view. Return to the etymology of the word is widely used not only, and the meaning of individual words, so this paper will return word is divided into complete and incomplete regression regression word word (semi return word). In addition, widely used in regression words presented a series of changes: the expansion of semantic structure and narrow, mutual transformation of common vocabulary and professional vocabulary, emotional expression of color (color evaluation) lose and gain, functional stylistic features of the changes and the change of the written form and stress. The change in return religious vocabulary and economic vocabulary is most prominent.
The change and development of the society and the country as a return word changing social background, causes a series of changes is more direct and specific reference: new things, that thing itself changes, aggregation of lexical semantics, lexical terms of itself.
In this paper, a systematic review is made on the regressive words after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in modern Russian.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H35

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