俄语缩略语结构特点及类型研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 17:36

【摘要】：当今世界由于政治、科学、技术、国民生活中的国际化进程的不断发展和扩大，经济文化的高度发展与变化，语言中出现了大量的缩略语。今天我们在报刊、杂志、电视、新闻、广播上到处可闻可见各种各样的缩略语。缩略语的出现和普及反映了语言追求省时省力的经济原则的趋势。正确使用缩略语对于节省空间、时间、提高语言表达的紧凑性都有着重大意义。现代缩略语是一定历史发展过程的结果，它的历史虽不能说很长，但是也经历了快速发展的阶段。缩略语作为一种产生不久，但发展迅速的语言现象，产生在19世纪末、20世纪初特定的社会历史环境中。经过复杂的形成和发展过程，缩略语已成为语言中最重要的一部分。因此，我们有必要对缩略语进行系统研究。缩略语作为一种有效的语言手段,运用广泛,其结构特点和类型特殊，探究其形成和发展的规律,对于我们在语言交际中能够更自如、更加高效地运用缩略语，这种意义十分重大。论文题目为《俄语缩略语结构特点及类型研究》，本论文由以下几部分组成：1）前言；2）正文（三章）；3）结束语；4）参考文献；5）致谢信在前言中介绍了选题的迫切性，确定了研究的目的、任务、学术新义、理论和实践意义。本论文正文由三章构成：第一章《俄语词和缩略语》：在本章,我们全面阐述了俄语词和缩略语，论述了俄罗斯主要语言学家对词和缩略语概念的界定，分析了缩略语作为一种特殊的词汇类型和普通词的区别；同时分析了俄语中词的意义和缩略语的意义，并归纳总结了俄语缩略语的基本词义类型。在本章末，对中俄两国学者近年来研究缩略语的成果做了回顾和总结。第二章《俄语缩略语的产生及其结构特点》：在这一章中,我们研究了缩略语的成因和影响其发展的各种因素,包括语言内部因素和语言外部因素；同时,对俄语缩略语和普通俄语词在语音、语法、词汇、同音词、同义词、近音近形词等方面进行比较,从而分析不同类型的缩略语在语音、语法、词汇、语义等方面的特点。第三章《俄语缩略语的结构类型及缩写方式》：在本章我们对俄语缩略语的缩写方式进行研究，比较详细、系统的介绍了六种缩略语类型：1)字母型缩略语；2)音节型缩略语；3)混合型缩略语；4)完整词型缩略语；5)间接格型缩略语；6)外来词型缩略语。通过对这些类型缩略语结构和组成成分的分析，探究不同类型缩略语在结构上的特点和构成规律。选题的迫切性：缩略语作为一种称名手段,其数量在不断增加,构成方式也在不断扩大,为了更好、更快捷地使用缩略语,我们有必要掌握其结构类型和特点。对其结构类型和特点进行系统研究,能帮助我们进一步了解缩略语的外形和内涵,尤其有助于我们将缩略语作为一个相对独立的结构词在句子中正确地使用。因此，我们的选题是迫切的和必要的。研究目的和任务：研究目的和任务在于：第一、根据中外学者的研究成果对缩略语进行理论上的研究；第二,搜集相关材料及缩略语的词条来撰写论文；第三,分析研究所搜集的材料，在此基础上将俄语缩略语按照缩写方式分成六类，总结归纳缩略语缩写方式和结构类型的规律和特点。研究的方法：本论文的撰写过程中使用了分析和综合的研究方法。论文的创新点：本文将缩略语按照缩写方式分为六大结构类型进行了细致、全面的研究，在此基础上探究各种类型的缩略语的结构特点和缩写规律。本文通过对俄语缩略语和俄语普通词的对比研究对俄语缩略语的特点进行系统分析，并阐述了俄语中各种结构类型的缩略语的语音、语法、词汇、同音异义、同音同形词、近音近形词等特点。论文的理论意义：论文的理论意义在于对大量有关俄语缩略语的资料进行了全面、系统的分析、研究和总结，对俄语缩略语的结构类型及特点进行了系统的归纳和分类,这些能为今后此方向的科研工作及词典的编纂提供良好的素材,也为其他喜欢此方向研究的人提供参考。论文的现实意义：研究俄语缩略语的结构类型能提供一条人们了解和掌握俄语缩略语的途径，有助于人们今后更便捷、更高效地使用缩略语，同时也为俄语教学和缩略语的翻译实践提供直接或间接的依据。结论：在结束语中我们得出如下结论: 1)缩略语是词或词组的缩写形式，它由词或词组的截短成分组成。俄语中的缩略语大多为名词,其功能为称名功能。 2)俄语缩略语的产生是语言内部因素和语言外部因素合力的结果。 3)俄语缩略语在在语音、语法、词汇、语义等方面都有自己的特点：在语音方面缩略语有三种基本发音类型；在语法方面不同结构类型的缩略语，其性、数、格的变化规律也不尽相同；在词汇方面缩略语能够借助前缀、后缀组成新词。 4)俄语缩略语主要有以下几种结构类型：a)字母型缩略语；b)音节型缩略语；c)混合型缩略语；d)完整词型缩略语；e)间接格型缩略语；f)外来词型缩略语。根据对这些结构类型的缩略语内部组成成分的分析可以得知，每种类型的缩略语的组成并非偶然的、完全无规律可循的，，它们有着自己的构成模式和特点。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, due to the continuous development and expansion of the internationalization process of politics, science, technology and national life, the high development and change of economy and culture, a large number of abbreviations have appeared in the language. Today we can hear all kinds of abbreviations everywhere in newspapers, magazines, television, news and radio. The correct use of abbreviations is of great significance in saving space, time and improving the compactness of language expression.
Modern abbreviation is the result of a certain historical development process. Although its history can not be said to be very long, it has also experienced a period of rapid development. Abbreviations have become the most important part of language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make a systematic study of abbreviations. As an effective means of language, abbreviations are widely used, their structural characteristics and types are special, and to explore the rules of their formation and development will enable us to use abbreviations more freely and efficiently in language communication. The meaning is very significant.
The title of this paper is . This paper consists of the following parts: 1) Preface; 2) Body (3 chapters); 3) Conclusion; 4) References; 5) Letters of thanks
In the preface, the urgency of choosing the topic is introduced, and the purpose, task, new academic meaning, theoretical and practical significance of the study are determined.
The main body of this thesis is composed of three chapters.
Chapter One: Russian Words and Abbreviations: In this chapter, we comprehensively expound Russian words and abbreviations, discuss the definition of words and abbreviations by major Russian linguists, analyze the differences between abbreviations as a special type of vocabulary and common words, and analyze the meaning of words and abbreviations in Russian. Na summarizes the basic types of Russian abbreviations. At the end of this chapter, the achievements of Chinese and Russian scholars in the study of abbreviations in recent years are reviewed and summarized.
Chapter 2 The Origin and Structural Characteristics of Russian Abbreviations: In this chapter, we study the causes of abbreviations and the various factors affecting their development, including the internal and external factors of the language; at the same time, we study the pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, homonyms, synonyms and near-synonyms of Russian abbreviations and common Russian words. By comparison, the characteristics of different types of abbreviations in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and semantics are compared.
Chapter 3 < Structure Types and Abbreviations of Russian Abbreviations >: In this chapter, we study the abbreviations of Russian abbreviations in detail, and systematically introduce six types of abbreviations: 1) alphabetic abbreviations; 2) syllabic abbreviations; 3) mixed abbreviations; 4) complete morphological abbreviations; 5) indirect case abbreviations; 6) syllabic abbreviations. Loanword abbreviations. Through the analysis of the structure and components of these types of abbreviations, this paper explores the structural characteristics and constitutive rules of different types of abbreviations.
The urgency of topic selection:
Abbreviations, as a means of naming, are increasing in number and form. In order to use abbreviations better and more quickly, it is necessary for us to master their structural types and characteristics. We use abbreviations correctly in sentences as a relatively independent structural word. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to choose our topic.
Research purposes and tasks:
The research aims and tasks are as follows: firstly, to make a theoretical study of abbreviations according to the research achievements of Chinese and foreign scholars; secondly, to collect relevant materials and abbreviation entries for writing papers; thirdly, to analyze and study the collected materials, and on this basis, to classify Russian abbreviations into six categories according to abbreviations, and to summarize and summarize abbreviations. The laws and characteristics of writing style and structure type.
Research methods:
In the process of writing this paper, analytical and integrated research methods are used.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper divides abbreviations into six structural types according to their abbreviations and makes a detailed and comprehensive study. On this basis, it explores the structural characteristics and abbreviation rules of various types of abbreviations.
This paper makes a systematic analysis of the characteristics of Russian abbreviations through a comparative study of Russian abbreviations and common Russian words, and expounds the phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, homonymy, homonym, homonym and near-homonym of various structural types of abbreviations in Russian.
The theoretical significance of the paper:
The theoretical significance of this paper lies in the comprehensive and systematic analysis, research and summary of a large number of data on Russian abbreviations, the systematic induction and classification of the types and characteristics of Russian abbreviations, which can provide good materials for future scientific research and dictionary compilation in this direction, as well as other preferred directions. The researchers provide reference.
The practical significance of the paper:
Studying the structural types of Russian abbreviations can provide a way for people to understand and master Russian abbreviations, help people to use abbreviations more conveniently and efficiently in the future, and also provide direct or indirect basis for Russian teaching and translation practice of abbreviations.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we draw the following conclusions:
1) Abbreviations are abbreviations of words or phrases, which consist of truncated components of words or phrases. Most abbreviations in Russian are nouns and their functions are nominal functions.
2) the generation of abbreviations in Russian is the resultant force of internal factors and external factors.
3) Russian abbreviations have their own characteristics in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and semantics: abbreviations have three basic pronunciation types in pronunciation; abbreviations with different structural types in grammar have different laws of change in their nature, number and case; abbreviations can form new words by means of prefixes and suffixes in vocabulary.
4) Russian abbreviations are mainly divided into the following types: a) alphabetic abbreviations; b) syllabic abbreviations; c) mixed abbreviations; d) complete abbreviations; e) indirect case abbreviations; and f) loanword abbreviations. According to the analysis of the internal components of these abbreviations, we can see that each type of abbreviations is abbreviated. The composition of language is not accidental. It has no rules to follow. They have their own constitution patterns and characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H35

【参考文献】