俄语观念词“чистый”的语言文化分析

发布时间：2018-10-09 18:15

【摘要】：1928年С.А.Аскольдов发表的《Концептислово》一文中首次提到了术语концепт。直至发展到今日,观念理论(концепт)无论在俄罗斯还是我国都是语言学界所关注的热点问题之一。现在,观念理论已经在认知语言学、心理语言学、语义学、语言文化学等学科广泛应用开来。不同的学术领域对于其研究的方法、理解的内容也不尽相同。然而俄罗斯语言学界对于концепт的共同认知是:它是概念(понятие)的内容,涵义(смысл)的同义词。在语言文化学的领域里,концепт是人类意识里文化的凝结产物。一方面,концепт是文化进入人的意识世界的形式,另一方面,它又是人进入文化、并且在某些情况下影响文化的手段。因此,通过对观念理论的研究可以更为形象、深刻地了解该民族的文化特点和思维模式。本文试图以观念理论为依据,揭示观念词“чистый”所体现的俄罗斯民族的文化特点和思维模式。首先,笔者分析了国内外关于концепт的研究现状,并对концепт的意义以及与其意思相近的两个词语“概念”、“意思”进行了比较、区分。尤其是概念与观念的区分:“概念”是客体所具有本质特征的总和,“观念”是民族所特有的意识结构,其内容是关于该客体的知识总和,而其表达层面是语言手段的总和。同时对于концепт的结构和类型也进行了归纳。Концепт有着复杂的结构。一方面,所有归属于概念的组成也都属于концепт;另一方面,所有使концепт成为文化事实的要素也都属于концепт的结构。随后,笔者从观念词“чистый”入手,以《大俄文详解词典》(1998)中чистый的15条语义为依据,以含有观念词“чистый”的俄罗斯文学作品、报刊以及日常生活用语为语料,运用了分类法,总结出чистый表示事物“纯粹的”和“不含有...”的特点,同时чистый还能反映出俄罗斯民族中的行为标准和工作的完成状况。最后运用类比的方法,通过对与чистый相关的颜色(白色、蓝色、绿色、透明色、亮色)和事物(眼泪、水晶。雪、冰、镜子、玻璃)的分析,加强说明观念词“чистый”在俄罗斯文化中用以修饰纯粹、美好、善良的人和事物。
[Abstract]:In 1928, the first mention of the term was made in an article published in China. Up to now, the theory of concept is one of the hot issues in the field of linguistics, both in Russia and in China. Nowadays, concept theory has been widely used in cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, semantics, language culture and so on. Different academic fields have different understanding of their research methods. However, the common understanding of Russian linguists is that it is a synonym for concept and meaning. In the field of linguistic culturology, it is the product of culture in human consciousness. On the one hand, it is the form of culture entering the world of human consciousness, on the other hand, it is the means by which people enter culture and influence it in some circumstances. Therefore, through the study of the concept theory, we can understand the cultural characteristics and thinking mode of the nation more vividly. Based on the concept theory, this paper attempts to reveal the cultural characteristics and mode of thinking of the Russian nation embodied in the concept word. First of all, the author analyzes the present situation of the research on this topic at home and abroad, and compares and distinguishes the meaning of the two words, "concept" and "meaning", which are similar to their meanings. Especially the distinction between concept and concept: "concept" is the sum of the essential characteristics of the object, "idea" is the unique consciousness structure of the nation, its content is the total knowledge about the object, and its expression level is the summation of the means of language. At the same time, the structure and type of this paper are also summarized. On the one hand, all the components that belong to the concept belong to the structure of the culture. On the other hand, all the elements that make it a cultural fact also belong to the structure. Then, the author starts with the concept word "I have no idea", based on the 15 semantics in the "Great Russian understanding Dictionary" (1998), on the basis of the Russian literary works, newspapers and periodicals and daily life terms, and uses the classification method, which includes the Russian literary works, newspapers and periodicals, as well as the daily life terms, which contain the concept words. The conclusion is that things are "pure" and "not contained." At the same time, it also reflects the standard of conduct and the completion of work among the Russian people. Finally, analogies are used to compare the colors (white, blue, green, transparent, bright) and things (tears, crystals) associated with it. The analysis of snow, ice, mirrors, glass) reinforces the explanation that the conceptual word "is used to decorate pure, beautiful, and kind people and things in Russian culture."
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H35

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