俄语名词数形式语义功能特点

发布时间：2018-11-22 13:32

【摘要】：对俄语语法范畴的分析研究,特别是对数范畴的研究,是现代俄语研究者积极研究的重要课题之一。之所以存在如此强烈的研究兴趣与数范畴本身的特性密切相关：它是受词汇意义制约的语法范畴,其语义内容不仅仅依赖于范畴特性,同时还受名词词汇特点的影响。本论文研究的对象是莱蒙托夫作品中带完整数形式聚合体的具体名词和带潜在完整数形式聚合体的物质和抽象名词。旨在确定带完整数形式聚合体(具体名词)和潜在完整数形式聚合体名词(物质名词、抽象名词)数范畴的主要功能特点。名词数范畴的基本意义是“单个--多个”,但在现实应用中数形式表现出不同的语义内容,因为它具有多个具体语义。比如,除了表“单个—多个”意义之外,单数形式拥有的部分典型语义：综合概括意义、分配意义；复数形式拥有的部分典型语义：概括意义、整体组合意义、表现修辞意义、夸张意义。在语言学中并不研究名词所有次类的数范畴功能特点,而是着重研究传统中只拥有单数形式的名词。在现实语言运用中,我们常常发现那些语法上规定没有复数形式的物质、抽象名词拥有复数形式,使得这些词很难成为该次类的判定标准。比如,物质名词具体化后有一些语义变化,大致可以分为以下四种典型语义：表物质的种类、物质的份数、物质的制成品以及大面积该种物质的聚集。而抽象名词的复数形式拥有以下几种典型语义：具体化、事实化、延长性、持久性、重复性和强度性。名词数形式聚合体含有一些固定的变化,这些变化导致了新语言规范的出现。在现代俄语中存在着一种稳定的趋势：传统只有单数形式的名词开始有单复数对应形式。这种趋势在物质名词和抽象名词中表现得尤为明显。俄语名词数范畴是在语言中所发生的形态语义变化的明确证明。
[Abstract]:The analysis of Russian grammatical category, especially the logarithmic category, is one of the most important topics for modern Russian researchers. The existence of such a strong interest is closely related to the characteristics of the category of numbers: it is a grammatical category restricted by lexical meaning, and its semantic content depends not only on the category characteristics, but also on the lexical characteristics of nouns. The object of this thesis is Lemontov's works of concrete nouns with complete forms of aggregates and materials and abstract nouns with potentially complete forms of aggregates. The purpose of this paper is to determine the main functional characteristics of the categories of aggregates (concrete nouns) with complete number forms (concrete nouns) and nouns (material nouns, abstract nouns) with potentially complete forms of numbers. The basic meaning of the category of noun number is "single-multiple", but in practical application, the form of number shows different semantic content, because it has many concrete semantics. For example, in addition to the "single-multiple" meaning of the table, the singular form has some typical semantics: synthesis of general meaning, distribution of meaning; Part of the typical semantics of the plural form: general meaning, integrated meaning, rhetorical meaning, hyperbole meaning. In linguistics, we do not study the functional characteristics of the number categories of all subcategories of nouns, but focus on the study of nouns which have only singular forms in the tradition. In the application of real language, we often find that there are no plural forms of matter in grammar, and abstract nouns have plural forms, which makes it difficult for these words to be the criteria for judging the subclass. For example, there are some semantic changes after the materialization of material nouns, which can be roughly divided into the following four typical semantics: the category of the material, the number of the material, the finished product of the substance and the aggregation of the material in a large area. The plural form of abstract nouns has the following typical semantics: concretization, factualization, prolongation, persistence, repeatability and intensity. Noun-number aggregates contain fixed changes that lead to the emergence of new language norms. There is a stable trend in modern Russian: traditional singular forms of nouns begin to have the form of single multiplicative correspondence. This trend is particularly evident in material nouns and abstract nouns. The category of Russian nouns is a clear proof of the morphological and semantic changes that take place in language.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H35

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