从认知语言学看中日空间到时间的隐喻认知

发布时间：2018-04-29 22:33

本文选题：认知理论 + 隐喻认知　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人们往往借用空间概念来表现无法直接感知的时间概念。本文从认知语言学的角度,对中日两国的空间和时间认知隐喻进行了分析研究。本文首先探讨了从空间到时间的隐喻过程。人们最初是基于自己身体来对空间进行划分。一般认为,人们对世界的认知,始于对空间的认知。时间是无法用眼睛看到也无法用手去触摸的、非常抽象的事物,因此,认知隐喻是人们认识时间的重要手段。认知隐喻是一种具有能动性的认知活动,在人们认识时间的过程中,起了非常重要的作用。空间概念投射到时间领域,一般通过"主体移动型"和"同时移动型"两种方式来把握时间流。《现代汉语词典》和『新明解国语辞典』两本词典的词汇量大致相当,本文从这两本词典中将中文中包含"前","后"的词汇和日语中包含「前」、「先」、「後」的词语筛选出来,根据语义和发音的不同将他们各自分类,对中文和日语的异同和各自的特征进行了对比分析。主要是通过中文和日语基于上下轴、前后轴的时间词汇数量,以及中日文前后轴基于"主体移动型"和"同时移动型"的时间词汇来进行对比研究,找出了中文和日语的异同点。人们的空间时间认知隐喻是以自身在日常生活中的体验为基础的,因此,它会受到社会、历史、文化等多方面因素的影响。非常有意思的是,我们可以从空间认知和时间认知中找出它们的"普遍性"和"特定文化性"。认知语言学的观点认为,语言根植于身体,即使文化不同,但是人类的身体结构相同,所以人们的空间和时间认知存在一定的普遍性。但是,同样的,根植于特定文化中的空间时间认知隐喻方法也有各自的特点。中文和日语,因为文化不同,所以就有各自的惯用表达方式。本文比较了中日的建筑、惯用语、文学作品等各方面情况,将中日的空间和时间文化做了一个对照。认知语言学的观点认为用词的不同源于认知的不同。本文基于这一点,从空间认知方面来分析了中日两国从空间到时间认知隐喻的异同,从两国的历史和文化中来寻求了两国空间时间认知差异的源头。比较分析中日两国关于从空间到时间用语的异同,无论是对日语学习者还是对日语教育、研究都有一定的价值和意义。
[Abstract]:People often use the concept of space to express the concept of time that can not be perceived directly. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal cognitive metaphors of China and Japan. This paper first discusses the metaphorical process from space to time. The cognition of the world begins with the cognition of the space. Time is a very abstract thing that can not be seen with the eye and can not be touched by hand. Therefore, cognitive metaphor is an important means of understanding time. Cognitive metaphor is a cognitive activity with dynamic nature. It plays a very important role in the process of people's understanding of time. Using the concept of space, the concept of space is projected into the domain of time. In general, the time flow is grasped in two ways: "subject movement" and "simultaneous movement". The vocabulary of the two dictionary is roughly equivalent to the modern Chinese dictionary and the "new Ming Guoyu dictionary". From these two dictionaries, the words "before", "after" and "front" in Japanese are included in the Chinese dictionary. The words "first" and "after" are selected and classified according to their semantic and pronunciation differences. The similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese are compared and analyzed. The number of time vocabulary in Chinese and Japanese is mainly based on the upper and lower axis, the front and back axes, and the axis of Chinese and Japanese are based on "main body movement" and "simultaneous movement". The "dynamic" time vocabulary is compared to find the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese. People's spatial time cognitive metaphor is based on its own experience in daily life. Therefore, it will be influenced by many factors such as social, historical, cultural and other factors. It is very interesting that we can learn from space and time. They find their "universality" and "specific culture". The view of cognitive linguistics holds that language is rooted in the body, even though the culture is different, but human body structure is the same, so people's spatial and temporal cognition exists certain universality. But, the same, the spatial time cognitive metaphorical methods rooted in the specific culture also have Chinese and Japanese, because of the different cultures, they have their own idiomatic expressions. This paper compares Chinese and Japanese architecture, idioms, literary works and other aspects, and compares the space and time culture between China and Japan. The view of cognitive linguistics believes that the difference of words is derived from the differences of cognition. This article is based on this One point is to analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese Cognitive metaphors from space to time from the perspective of spatial cognition. From the history and culture of the two countries, it seeks the source of spatial time cognitive differences between the two countries. The similarities and differences between the two countries on the language from space to time are compared and analyzed, both of the Japanese learners and the Japanese education, both of them A certain value and meaning.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】