“给”字句及与其对应的日语表达方式

发布时间：2018-06-18 15:30

本文选题：给 + 动词　；参考：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过考察现代汉语“给”字的发展及语法化过程，对“给”的动词以及介词用法进行整理。并在此基础之上，探明“给”字句及与其对应的日语表达方式之间的对应关系。主要结论如下：因为动词“给”自身并不具备狭义授受动词（令5? ?芒bcfif-5?hbo4、乜汔?〈机S?fcjS)的“视点性?方向性?恩惠性?待遇性”,所以意义上与广义授受动词的"与;iS”更为接近。但译成日语时，狭义授受动词的运用更为广泛。介词“给”字句在表示处置义时与日语的格助词「旮」相对应；表示引介对象（=向）、受益者（=为）、受事者（=让）以及施事者（=被）时与日语的格助词「Kj相对应。引介受益者的受益文中，当受益者与所有者为同一人时，一般情况下中文会用“给”字句来表达，日语则优先使用格助词「乃」。受益文还能与表达"目的”含义的「?0亡cfK」相对应。另外，“给+VP”结构与"把、让、叫/教、被”共现时，因为其主要起加强语气的作用，所以难以与日语表达方式系统对应。但是“给+VP”结构不与“把、让、叫/教、被”共现时，“给”字与日语的被动式相对应。而句型“NP1+给我+VP"与日语的祈使句相对应。
[Abstract]:This paper investigates the development and grammaticalization of the word "Xiang" in modern Chinese, and arranges the verb and preposition usage of "Xiang". On the basis of this, the corresponding relationship between the word "give" and its corresponding Japanese expressions is explored. The main conclusions are as follows: because the verb "give" itself does not have the narrow meaning to give the verb. What is the "point of view" of BCFF-5 hbo4? Directional? Grace? Treatment ", so the meaning is more close to the" and I S "of the generalized verb. But when translated into Japanese, the narrow sense of the verb is more widely used. The preposition "Xiang" corresponds to the Japanese auxiliary "Kj" when expressing the disposition of the meaning; it indicates that the object of introduction is "Xiang", the beneficiary = "Hu", and the agent "Hu" = "given"), which corresponds to the Japanese auxiliary word "Kj". When the beneficiary is the same person as the owner, the Chinese will usually use the word "give", but the Japanese will prefer the word "yes". The beneficial text can also correspond to the meaning of "purpose". In addition, the "give VP" structure and the "handle, let, call / teach," are now, because they mainly play a role in strengthening the mood, so it is difficult to correspond to the Japanese expression system. But the "give VP" structure does not correspond to the "pass, let, call / teach," is "co-existing," the word "give" corresponds to the Japanese passive form. The sentence pattern "NP1 gives me VP" corresponds to the Japanese imperative sentence.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H36

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