日语句末省略的语用学研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 20:34
【摘要】：在日语会话中，经常可以看到以省略方式呈现的句尾表达，这对不同文化背景的外国日语学习者来说，较难理解和掌握。因此，本文在继承先行研究成果的基础上，通过大量文本实例分析，从语用学的角度对日语句末省略现象进行了探讨。 通过调查，得到以下几点结论： （1）在以口语为主的相关文本中，，句末省略表达在以剧本、小说为代表的文学类作品会话部分被大量使用，而且，主要以断言行为、指令行为、表态行为这三类最为常见。而在日记、书信、报道等实用性文章中则相对使用得比较少，这大概和实用性文章的特点有关。 （2）从言语行为理论的角度看，调查显示：日语句末省略体现了陈述、说明、传闻、应答、介绍、提问、要求、命令、许可、建议、约定、决定、感谢、道歉、不满、遗憾、寒暄、拒绝、赞美、意外、愿望等21种言语行为。其中，宣告类行为是指通过宣言使外部世界发生改变，它包括任命、提名等等，这次调查未发现宣告类的句末省略表达，有待今后的考察。 （3）通过考察日语句末省略表达和合作原则的关系，可以发现句末省略表达既存在遵守合作原则各准则的情况，也存在违反各准则的情况。遵守合作原则，能保证会话直接、高效率地进行；反之，说话人通过句末省略这种表达方式，故意违反合作原则，让听话人根据语境，推导出说话人的真实意图，能更好地维护双方的人际关系。 （4）利用布朗和列文森的“面子保全论”考察句末省略表达，可以发现句末省略表达体现了五种礼貌策略：①直接性策略；②正面礼貌策略；③负面礼貌策略；④间接性策略；⑤放弃实施威胁面子的行为。其中，直接性策略和间接性策略数量较多。 （5）由以上探讨所得：日语学习者首先要了解日本人的语言意识和心理，才能更好地理解句末省略这种表达方式。另一方面，教师也应积极改善会话教育的方法，使学习者更好地掌握和运用这种语言表达方式。 如此，本论文虽然通过大量文本实例分析，从语用学的角度对日语句末省略现象进行了探讨和总结，似乎对以“培养异文化交际能力”为目标的日语语言教学有一定帮助，但在探讨的同时，仍觉得有些地方意犹未尽，显然是因为自身现有水平的局限，于是只好憾作未尽课题，留待日后继续探讨。
[Abstract]:In Japanese conversation, ellipsis is often seen in the end of sentences, which is difficult for foreign Japanese learners with different cultural backgrounds to understand and master. Therefore, on the basis of inheriting the previous research results, this paper discusses the phenomenon of Japanese sentence end ellipsis from the perspective of pragmatics by analyzing a large number of text examples. Through the investigation, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) in the related texts, the final ellipsis is widely used in literary works, such as script and novel, and mainly in assertive behavior. Command behavior, statement behavior these three kinds of most common. However, there are relatively few practical articles, such as diary, letter and report, which may be related to the characteristics of practical articles. (2) from the point of view of speech act theory, the investigation shows that the Japanese sentence ellipsis reflects the statement. Description, hearsay, reply, introduction, question, request, order, permission, suggestion, agreement, decision, thanks, apology, dissatisfaction, regret, pleasantries, refusal, praise, accident, wish, etc. Among them, declaratory behavior refers to the change in the outside world through declarations. It includes appointments, nominations, and so on. The survey did not find any omissions at the end of the sentence of the declaratory class. (3) by examining the relationship between the last ellipsis of Japanese sentence and the cooperative principle, we can find that the ellipsis of the last sentence not only obeys the principles of cooperation, but also violates them. Observing the principle of cooperation can ensure that the conversation is carried out directly and efficiently; conversely, the speaker omits the expression at the end of the sentence, deliberately violates the principle of cooperation, and allows the hearer to deduce the real intention of the speaker according to the context. (4) using Brown's and Levinson's "face saving theory" to examine the ellipsis at the end of sentence, we can find that the ellipsis at the end of sentence embodies five politeness tactics: 1 directness; (2) positive politeness strategy / (3) negative politeness strategy / (4) indirect politeness strategy / (5) giving up face-threatening behavior. Among them, there are many direct and indirect strategies. (5) from the above study, Japanese learners must first understand the Japanese language awareness and psychology, in order to better understand the expression of sentence ellipsis. On the other hand, teachers should actively improve conversational education methods so that learners can master and use the language better. Therefore, although this thesis, through the analysis of a large number of text examples, discusses and summarizes the phenomenon of Japanese sentence ellipsis from the perspective of pragmatics, it seems to be helpful to the teaching of Japanese language with the aim of "cultivating the communicative competence of different cultures". However, at the same time, we still feel that some areas are still unfinished, obviously because of the limitations of their own current level, so we have to regret that we have not finished the subject and leave it for further discussion in the future.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36
本文编号：2204022
[Abstract]:In Japanese conversation, ellipsis is often seen in the end of sentences, which is difficult for foreign Japanese learners with different cultural backgrounds to understand and master. Therefore, on the basis of inheriting the previous research results, this paper discusses the phenomenon of Japanese sentence end ellipsis from the perspective of pragmatics by analyzing a large number of text examples. Through the investigation, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) in the related texts, the final ellipsis is widely used in literary works, such as script and novel, and mainly in assertive behavior. Command behavior, statement behavior these three kinds of most common. However, there are relatively few practical articles, such as diary, letter and report, which may be related to the characteristics of practical articles. (2) from the point of view of speech act theory, the investigation shows that the Japanese sentence ellipsis reflects the statement. Description, hearsay, reply, introduction, question, request, order, permission, suggestion, agreement, decision, thanks, apology, dissatisfaction, regret, pleasantries, refusal, praise, accident, wish, etc. Among them, declaratory behavior refers to the change in the outside world through declarations. It includes appointments, nominations, and so on. The survey did not find any omissions at the end of the sentence of the declaratory class. (3) by examining the relationship between the last ellipsis of Japanese sentence and the cooperative principle, we can find that the ellipsis of the last sentence not only obeys the principles of cooperation, but also violates them. Observing the principle of cooperation can ensure that the conversation is carried out directly and efficiently; conversely, the speaker omits the expression at the end of the sentence, deliberately violates the principle of cooperation, and allows the hearer to deduce the real intention of the speaker according to the context. (4) using Brown's and Levinson's "face saving theory" to examine the ellipsis at the end of sentence, we can find that the ellipsis at the end of sentence embodies five politeness tactics: 1 directness; (2) positive politeness strategy / (3) negative politeness strategy / (4) indirect politeness strategy / (5) giving up face-threatening behavior. Among them, there are many direct and indirect strategies. (5) from the above study, Japanese learners must first understand the Japanese language awareness and psychology, in order to better understand the expression of sentence ellipsis. On the other hand, teachers should actively improve conversational education methods so that learners can master and use the language better. Therefore, although this thesis, through the analysis of a large number of text examples, discusses and summarizes the phenomenon of Japanese sentence ellipsis from the perspective of pragmatics, it seems to be helpful to the teaching of Japanese language with the aim of "cultivating the communicative competence of different cultures". However, at the same time, we still feel that some areas are still unfinished, obviously because of the limitations of their own current level, so we have to regret that we have not finished the subject and leave it for further discussion in the future.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36
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本文编号：2204022
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