日语使役助动词历史变迁之考察

发布时间：2018-09-11 06:03

【摘要】：现代日语中的使役助动词「せる·させる」是从近世才开始出现的，在此之前的古代日语主要以「しむ」和「す·さす」表示使役态。使役助动词「しむ」最早出现于上古时期，而使役助动词「す·さす」中古时期才开始出现。中古时期和中世时期「しむ」和「す·さす」同时存在。因此从使役表达的发展史来看，使役助动词大致经过了「しむ」、け·さす」、「せる·させる」等三个阶段。那么，使役助动词「しむ」、「す·さす」、「せる·させる」是如何Y 迁的。本文通过对上代、中古、中世、近世、近代等五个时期日语文献的使役助动词进行考察，详细分析了各个时代日语使役助动词的形式和意义，从而进一步明确了日语使役助动词的历史Y 迁过程。经研究发现，上代日语中的使役助动词为「しむ」，其意义主要为使役，但今别用例中包含着尊敬的意义。进入中古以后，，「す·さす」开始出现，井逐步取代原来「しむ」的地位。不过「しむ」仍在一定范围内继续存在。从文献分布看，「す·さす」主要存在于新兴的和文文献中，而「しむ」更多地保留在汉文文献中。从意义上看，「しむ」与上古时代的情况基本相同，具有使役和尊敬两种意义。与之相对，「す·さす」的意义则更为广泛，即除了具有使役、尊敬两种意义外，还有表示放任的用法。中世时期，「しむ」和「す·さす」继续同时存在。「しむ」多用于汉文训读中，而其尊敬的用法趋于消失。「す·さす」的应用范围继续扩大，其意义在原来的使役、尊敬、放任的基础上、又增添了表示被动的用法。与此同时，中世后期「す·さす」开始逐渐转化为口语体的「する·さする」。近世以后，「せる·させる」开始出现并逐步代替「す·さす」。到了近代以后，「す·さす」基本消失，「しむ」的残余「しめる」少量存在，继续表示使役。「せる·させる」成为主要的使役助动词，继承了「す·さす」使役、放任、受害被动三种意义，但没有表示尊敬的用法。
[Abstract]:In modern Japanese, the auxiliary verb of causative aid, "Li Wei", appeared only in modern times, and before that the ancient Japanese mainly used "Li Li" and "Li Li" to mean the state of causation. The causative auxiliary verb "Gui" first appeared in the ancient period, but only began to appear in the mid-ancient period. In the Middle Ancient and Middle Epoch period, the two periods existed at the same time. Therefore, from the history of the development of causative expression, causative auxiliary verbs go through three stages, I. e. So, how do the auxiliary verbs, such as "Li", "Li", "Li Li", "Li Wei", "Li Li" are moved by Y? This paper analyzes the form and significance of Japanese causative auxiliary verbs in different times through the investigation of the Japanese causative auxiliary verbs in the five periods of the last generation, the middle age, the middle age and the modern times. It further clarifies the historical Y-transfer process of Japanese causative auxiliary verbs. Through the study, it is found that the causative auxiliary verb in the last generation Japanese is "Li Li", the main meaning of which is causation, but the present use case contains the meaning of respect. After entering mid-ancient times, the well gradually replaced the original status. However, it still exists to a certain extent. According to the distribution of the literature, it mainly exists in the emerging literature of harmony, while it is more preserved in the literature of Chinese. In a sense, the situation is basically the same as that of the ancient times, and it has two meanings: causation and respect. On the other hand, the meaning is more extensive, that is, in addition to the two meanings of causation and respect, there is also the use of laissez-faire. During the Middle Epoch, "Li" and "Li Li" continued to exist at the same time. Most of them were used in training and reading in the Chinese language, but their usage tended to vanish. The scope of application of the word "Li Li" continued to expand, and its significance was in the original diplomatic service, respect, On the basis of laissez-faire, the use of passivity is added. At the same time, in the late Middle Epoch, it began to be transformed into colloquial style. After the modern times, the beginning of the emergence and gradually replaced by the "Li Li". After modern times, "Li Li" basically disappeared, and the vestiges of "Li Wei" still existed in a small amount, which continued to mean that "to do so" had become the main auxiliary verb of causation, and had inherited the "Li Wei" and allowed it to do so. There are three meanings of passive victimization, but no use of respect.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36

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