格助词「して」的形成和语义及历史变迁之考察

发布时间：2018-11-09 20:05

【摘要】：从古典日语到现代日语,「して」的意义在逐渐发生着改变。现代日语的「して」普遍认为是サ变动词「すゐ」的连用形「し」后面加上接续助词「て」变化而来,而古典日语中的「して」却多作格助词和接续助词使用。本论文主要以日本古典文学大系为调查资料,从中查找出了「して」作为格助词使用的例句,并加以分析,明确了「して」作为格助词使用时在各个时代的具体语义,进而厘清了格助词「して」语义的历史性变迁。根据考察,在上代文献中,格助词「して」有三种语义,第一、表示共同做某事的人数,第二、表示共同做某事的人,第三、表示做某事的时间。到了平安时代,格助词「して」从上代的三种语义扩大到了七种。具体来讲,有以下七种：第一、表示共同做某事的人数,第二、表示物的数量,第三、表示共同做某事的人,第四、表示做某事的工具、方法、材料,第五、表示使役的对象,第六、表示动作发生的场所,第七、表示动作发生的时间。其中,第二、第四、第五和第六是平安时代新出现的语义。到了镰仓时代,格助词「して」的语义与平安时代相比,减少了一些,即第四里面没有表示材料的语义,第六没有表示动作发生场所的语义。换言之,在镰仓时代,格助词「して」以下六种语义,即平安时代的第一、二、三、五、七,再加上第四中表示工具、手段的语义。而到了室町时代,格助词「して」又基本恢复到了平安时代的七种语义,只是第四中没有表示材料这一义项。到了江户时代,格助词「して」除了数量上和前代有所区别之外,语义和室町时代相同。即在江户时代,格助词「して」也有七种语义。具体讲,有以下七种：第一、表示共同做某事的人数,第二、表示物的数量,第三、表示共同做某事的人,第四、表示做某事的工具、方法,第五、表示使役的对象,第六、表示动作发生的场所,第七、表示动作发生的时间。到了明治时期,格助词「して」的语义减少到了两种,即上代文献中第一、第二种语义。将具体来讲,在明治时期,格助词「して」的语义有以下两种,第一、表示共同做某事的人数,第二、表示共同做某事的人。从格助词「して」语义的历史演变来讲。格助词「して」产生于上代时期,主要有三种语义,即表示共同做某事的人数,共同做某事的人和做某事的时间,到了平安时代,语义达到最大化,使用范围也最广,增加了四种语义,即表示物的数量,表示做某事的工具、方法、材料,表示使役的对象,和动作发生的场所,这几种用法中,表示材料的语义从镰仓时代开始就消失了,其他用法基本上一直持续到江户时期,而到了明治时期,格助词「して」的语义又急剧减少到两种,即只剩下表示共同做某事的人数和共同做某事的人之语义。
[Abstract]:From classical Japanese to modern Japanese, the meaning of "Li" is gradually changing. In modern Japanese, it is generally believed that the conjunctive form of the word "Li" is changed by the addition of the word "Li" after the word "Li", while the word "Li" in classical Japanese is often used as a case auxiliary word and a continuation auxiliary word. This paper mainly takes the Japanese classical literature department as the investigation material, finds out the example sentence which is used as the case auxiliary word, and analyzes it, and clarifies the specific meaning of the case auxiliary word used in each era when it is used as the case auxiliary word. Furthermore, it clarifies the historical change of the semantic meaning of the case auxiliary. According to the investigation, in the previous literature, there are three kinds of semantics in the case auxiliary, first, the number of people who do something together, second, the person who does something together, and the third, the time when something is done. In the era of peace, the auxiliary word "Yu" expanded from three semantics in the last generation to seven. Specifically, there are the following seven types: first, the number of people who do something together; second, the number of things; third, the number of people who do something together; fourth, the means, methods, materials, and fifth, the object of the cause. Sixth, to indicate the place where the action took place, and seventh, to indicate the time when the action took place. Among them, the second, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth are the emerging semantics of the peace era. By the time of Kamakura, the semantics of the case auxiliary "Li" was less than that of the peaceful era, that is, the fourth did not represent the meaning of the material, and the sixth did not represent the meaning of the place where the action took place. In other words, in Kamakura era, the following six kinds of semantics of the case auxiliary, namely the first, second, third, fifth, and seventh of the peace era, are added to the fourth meaning of the means and tools. By the time of Muromachi, the auxiliary word "Li" had basically recovered to the seven semantics of the peaceful era, but the fourth one did not indicate the meaning of material. In the Edo era, the case auxiliary, apart from the number of differences from the previous generation, the semantic and Muromachi era is the same. Even in the Edo era, there are seven kinds of semantics. Specifically, there are seven types: first, the number of people who do something together; second, the number of things; third, the number of people who do something together; fourth, the means and methods of doing something; fifth, the object of the cause; and sixth, Represents the place where the action occurred, and seventh, the time when the action took place. By the Meiji period, the semantic meaning of the auxiliary word "Li" was reduced to two kinds, namely, the first and the second in the previous literature. To be specific, during the Meiji period, the semantic meaning of the case auxiliary is as follows: first, the number of people who do something together; second, the number of people who do something together. In terms of the historical evolution of the semantic meaning of the auxiliary word "Yu". There are three kinds of semantics, that is, the number of people who do something together, the people who do something together and the time of doing something. In the era of peace, the semantic meaning is maximized and the scope of use is the most extensive. Four kinds of semantics have been added, that is, the number of objects, the tools, methods, materials, objects for doing something, and the place where the action took place. In these uses, the semantics of the material have disappeared since the Kamakura era. Other usages lasted until the Edo period, but in the Meiji period, the semantic meaning of the auxiliary word "Li" was reduced sharply to two kinds, that is, only the number of people who did something together and the semantics of the people who did something together.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】