关于手机使用的负面影响研究-留学生作业

在美国，使用手机的人数多于使用电话的人数。在全球有超过十亿手机用户，近期行业分析师斯莱特称：“在2010年和2020年之间的这一段时间内，，每个人都能买得起自己想要的手机。美国人平均每天花费七个小时或一个月的时间接打手机。手机已经成为日常生活的重要组成部分。该国主要的无线行业组织了“快速调查”。(罗斯,2004)

基于来自高速公路上的手机使用情况、交通安全系数的数据分析，主要同行评议研究了开车时使用手机和发短信的风险。在2010年1月发表的一份研究报告数据，公路安全保险学会(IIHS)的子公司——高速公路研究所(HLDI)的研究结果表明，并不只是要在加州、康涅狄格、纽约和华盛顿特区三个州执行减少交通事故发生的任务，而是政府应禁止司机使用手持移动电话。这项研究是基于分析事故保险索赔情况，研究人员表示，还需要更多的研究来阐明与其他研究机构研究结果相反的发现。

2009年9月，国家公路交通安全管理局和国家中心公布的统计数据以及国家安全局(NOPUS)的分析结果，共同合作完成了他们的调查。结果表明，在2008年6%的司机使用手机，该比率与2007年相同。(法律,2010）

In the United State, most people have cell phones than home phone. It has more than one billion cell phone users worldwide, and is one of the industry analysts Wireless recently told Slate, "some time between 2010 and 2020. Every one could afford a cell phone that they wish. American spend seven hours or more a month talking on their cell phone on average. Wireless phones have become such an important part of everyday life we are. The country's major wireless industry organization featured the "quick poll".(Rosen, 2004).

Estimates based on data from mobile phone use drivers from highway and traffic safety from major peer-reviewed studies quantify risk using mobile phones and texting while driving. A study released in January 2010 by the loss of data highways Institute (HLDI), a subsidiary of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), shows that traffic accidents are not reduction in California, Connecticut, New York and Washington, DC, three states and the government banned the use of driver handheld mobile phone. The study was based on an analysis of accident insurance claims for damage. Officials said more research is needed to clarify the findings, which go against the results of other research institutes.

In September 2009, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the National Center for Statistics and Analysis released the results of the national security of the Occupying they use survey (NOPUS), which found that in 2008, 6 percent of drivers used handheld cell phone, the same percentage in 2007.(Law, 2010)

Handheld mobile phone use was highest among 16-24 years old (8 percent in 2008, down from 9 percent in 2007) and lowest among drivers 70 and older (1 part percent in both 2007 and 2008). Handheld mobile phone use by drivers in the West by 6-7 percent from 2007 to 2008, but fell in the Northeast (5-4 percent), Midwest (6-5 percent) and the South (from 8 to 7 percent). Data on use of mobile controls were collected at random stop signs or stoplights only while vehicles were stopped and only during daytime. .(Law, 2010)

手机带来的问题——Cell phones as a problem

The source of the latest, most visible and most controversial in the driver's attention is mobile handsets. For many motorists, so that a driver is talking on the phone to see red. mobile phone is ready for 20 years and is now everywhere-Mobile Telecommunications and Internet Association says there are 137 million subscribers in the United States. Cell phone use by drivers has become very popular: According to NHTSA, at any time of day, 500,000 passenger car drivers are talking on mobile phone handsets.(Law, 2010)

This adds up to many miles of driving people do not have to give full attention to driving. And cell phones are not the only culprit: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety has found that using hands-free phones are also contributing to attention deficit. (Goepel, 2003)

Legislation to address the perceived dangers of using mobile phones behind the wheel has been adopted in many places. Australia, Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Russia, and Switzerland have all mobile phone use is restricted by the driver. (Goepel, 2003)

In the United States, legislation to restrict cell phone use in cars has been introduced in both the House and Senate. In some states, only New York had passed laws prohibiting the use of handheld cell phones for drivers, although other states are considering similar legislation. In California, Nevada, and Utah, bills prohibiting the use of cell phones while driving have failed.
 

手机影响年轻人——Cell phone impact Young people

As the wireless industry celebrates the upcoming 25th of calls the first commercial mobile phone (October 13, 1983), online research is the depth of over 2,000 teenagers across the country as New clarity on how today's teens feel about wireless products and services, how they use them today and most importantly, how they want to use them in the future. A wireless segment growing, teens view their cell phones as more than just an accessory. ("Cell phones impact," 2008)

Highlights of the study include:

Teens consider cell phones an indication of status

4 out 5 teens use a cell phone.

80% say cell phones provide a sense of security.

Many prefer texting over talking.

They would also like their phones to be water and shock proof. ("Cell phones impact," 2008)

According to Harris Interactive study, second to clothing, teens say a cell phone as the most popular social status or of a person, outranking jewelry, watches and shoes. The study also found that mobile phones are fast becoming a necessity in society youth. A majority (57 percent) view their cell phones as key to their social life. ("Cell phones impact," 2008)

With nearly four of every five teens (17 million) carrying a wireless device (a 40 percent increase since 2004), it is not surprising that six in ten teens (57 percent) credit mobile application to improve the quality of life. More than half of respondents (52 percent) agree with the mobile phone has become a new form of entertainment and one-third of teens playing games on their phones.

On a more serious note, 80 percent of teens surveyed said their cell phone provided a sense of security while on the move, confirmed the mobile phone has become the safety net when you need one of his trips (79 percent), getting important information (51 percent), or just help someone in trouble (35 percent). ("Cell phones impact," 2008)

手机短信——Text message on cell phone

Another important trend is the study confirms real alternative messaging conversation between teenagers. Teens admitted spending nearly an equal amount of time talking as they send text messages per month. This feature is very important to them that if the message was no longer an option, 47 percent of teens say their social life would end or be worsened - especially women ( 54 percent compared with 40 percent of men). (Law, 2010)

Teens say the message has the important advantage because it offers more options, including multitasking, speed, the option to avoid verbal communication, and because it is fun - in that order . With over 1 billion messages sent per day, which is no surprise that 42 percent of teens say they can even text blindfolded, the study revealed. (Law, 2010)

"Teens have created a new form of communication we call it a message. But in essence it is a reflection of how teens want to communicate to suit your lifestyle they are all about speed multitasking, security and control. ", Mr Joseph Porus, Vice President and Chief Architect, Technology Group, Harris Interactive. "Young people in this study are crying for individuals and control exactly what a wireless device or plan can do for them." (Law, 2010)

参考文献——Referrence

Cell phones impact teen life, says harris interactive. (2008, Sept 15). 

Downes , E, & Aoki, K. (2003). An analysis of young people's use of and attitudes toward cell phones.

Flinchy, P. (1997). Perspectives for a sociology of the telephone. The French Journal of Communication, 5(2), 149-160.

Goepel, J. (2003, May). Your car: driving, accidents, and your cell phone. 

Law, L. (2010, March 24). Personal injury and cell phone use while driving. 

Srivastava, L. (2005). Mobile phones and the evolution of social behaviour. Behaviour and Information Technology, 24, 111-129.