近十年美国科幻电影审美研究
发布时间：2018-11-19 19:58
【摘要】：作为好莱坞重要的类型片之一,美国科幻电影在并不长的发展历史中迅速地发展并成熟起来,并与科技的进步始终保持着紧密的联系。依傍得天独厚的科技水平作为发展土壤,美国发达的科幻产业令全世界难以望其项背。从科幻影视诞生之初的简陋创作,到如今特效和化妆等硬件全副武装之下的大制作场面,加之它背后蕴含的科技批判思想,美国的科幻电影已经成为了好莱坞叫好又叫座的一块招牌。然而,即使拥有浓厚的文学色彩,它本身还是一种商业实体,拥有其成功的一套模式。本文以2004-2013年这10年的美国科幻电影为研究对象,对其作出历史性的梳理,并从审美的角度对其背后蕴含的科技批判思想进行研究。引言部分主要探讨了科幻电影诞生的社会背景,即科学发展到一定程度的必然产物。思想界和文学界对科技理性的反思已经有了太多的成果,科幻电影对科技发展可能导致的悲观未来做出了大胆的想象。由此而来,科幻电影本身也逐渐成为文艺研究的对象,美国以其得天独厚的资源优势向世界提供了丰富的科幻影视研究成果,这种成果主要以论文的形式展示；而中国是引进美国科幻片的大国,也拥有着众多的追随者,高校里有专门设立的科幻研究学科组织,在大众群体里更是存在着无数具有创新思想的科幻理论。总体来说中国对科幻的研究成果在数量上毫不逊色于美国,但如何将其与科幻产业贯通,使其为我国的科幻产业提供理论支撑仍然是一个瓶颈。第一章是对这10年内主要科幻影视作品的内容和题材上的分类,按照本文的构思概括出三大题材：生化题材、外星生命题材和近年流行的“丧尸”文化是科幻电影绕不开的三大主题。越来越多的医疗事故和疑难杂症的出现引发了人们对生物医学进步的怀疑和担忧,许多本该用于造福人类的生物化学研究由于操作不当或是受恶人操控,给人类造成了难以挽回的损失甚至灾难。这是自上世纪80年代开始以来科幻电影钟爱的题材；科学家们对宇宙的好奇心是和对外星生命的探测分不开的,因此外星生命也是科幻电影里长盛不衰的题材,并且能在不同的时代里不断地推陈出新,从单纯地造访地球,到与人类发生战争、对人类给出保护地球的警示,外星生命在科幻的世界里似乎与人类有了越来越分不开的关系；“丧尸”是与生化题材非常接近的一个母题,但区别在于以它为主题的科幻片不再把重点放在对丧尸形成的生化灾难原因的探讨上,而是展现人类与丧尸共存之后的社会状态：丧尸只是一种威胁人类生命的简单攻击者,而真正能毁灭人类的仍然是自私、狂妄等人性的阴暗面。第二章梳理了这10年的美国科幻影视常用的情节模式：但凡故事总有许多不同的角色,由于科幻电影的故事情节的超现实主义性质,故科幻片中的角色在结局中总有一些要死亡,那么安排哪些角色“死亡”关乎着整部电影的思想和价值观走向。此外,女性角色在科幻片中的地位变化也是值得注意的一个现象,它不单是好莱坞大片商业模式的要求,背后更蕴含着深层次的社会与人文原因。第三章从审美角度探讨了科幻片外在形式和内心投射两方面的审美特征,科幻电影的特技使得数字审美成为一种新型的审美对象,对科幻片的欣赏已不仅是对故事情节的观看,更加入了对电脑制作技术的全新感受。科幻电影的场景选择是一种符号化的行为,它并非随意为之,一个具有意味的地点或场景可以比语言有更丰富的表达能力。近年来好莱坞对中国元素的大量运用体现了其具有前瞻性的市场化视角,而一个重要的商业行为背后必定有着政治、文化等原因。内心投射方面,科幻电影能引起人们担忧或是反思的原因在与它唤起了人们与生俱来的恐惧心理,由恐惧而引发的思考必定是广泛和深刻的。科幻电影是大众文化,尽管在数量上拥有许多中国观众,但其传播在整个中国范围内却呈现出小众化的趋势,并不比韩剧有更广泛的收视率,这其中的原因也是多层次的,包括文化传统以及体制政策等多方面。最后探讨科幻电影在中国的传播现状,以及中国无法生产像好莱坞大片那样优秀的科幻片的原因,中国科幻产业的未来并非一片黑暗,只不过需要我们几代人的努力才能达到。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important types of Hollywood movies, the American film has developed and matured rapidly in a long history of development, and has always been in close contact with the progress of science and technology. The rich scientific and technological level of the United States, as the development of the soil, makes it difficult for the world to see its back. From the simple creation of the birth of sci-fi film and television, to the large-scale production under the hardware of special effects and make-up, and the science and technology critical idea behind it, the American film has become a sign of Hollywood's good name and call. However, even with a strong literary color, it is a business entity that has a successful set of models. This paper, taking the 10-year-old American film as the research object in 2004-2013, has made a historic combing, and studies the science and technology critical idea behind it from the point of view of the aesthetic angle. The introduction part mainly discusses the social background of the birth of the film, that is, the scientific development to a certain degree of inevitable product. The reflection of scientific and technological rationality in the ideological and literary circles has been a lot of achievements, and the film has made a bold picture of the pessimistic future that can lead to the development of science and technology. As a result, the film itself has become the subject of the study of literature and art, and the United States has provided the world with the rich science fiction and film research results with its unique resource advantages. The result is mainly presented in the form of the paper; and China is a great country to introduce the American sci-fi film. There are many followers, there are special science fiction research subjects in the university, and there are numerous science fiction theories with innovative ideas in the mass group. In general, the research results of science fiction in China are not inferior to the United States in quantity, but how to make it go through with the science fiction industry to provide the theoretical support for the science fiction industry in our country is still a bottleneck. The first chapter is the classification of the content and subject of the main sci-fi film and television works in the 10 years. According to the conception of this paper, the three themes: the subject of biochemistry, the subject of extraterrestrial life and the popular 鈥渄ead body鈥，
本文编号：2343276
[Abstract]:As one of the most important types of Hollywood movies, the American film has developed and matured rapidly in a long history of development, and has always been in close contact with the progress of science and technology. The rich scientific and technological level of the United States, as the development of the soil, makes it difficult for the world to see its back. From the simple creation of the birth of sci-fi film and television, to the large-scale production under the hardware of special effects and make-up, and the science and technology critical idea behind it, the American film has become a sign of Hollywood's good name and call. However, even with a strong literary color, it is a business entity that has a successful set of models. This paper, taking the 10-year-old American film as the research object in 2004-2013, has made a historic combing, and studies the science and technology critical idea behind it from the point of view of the aesthetic angle. The introduction part mainly discusses the social background of the birth of the film, that is, the scientific development to a certain degree of inevitable product. The reflection of scientific and technological rationality in the ideological and literary circles has been a lot of achievements, and the film has made a bold picture of the pessimistic future that can lead to the development of science and technology. As a result, the film itself has become the subject of the study of literature and art, and the United States has provided the world with the rich science fiction and film research results with its unique resource advantages. The result is mainly presented in the form of the paper; and China is a great country to introduce the American sci-fi film. There are many followers, there are special science fiction research subjects in the university, and there are numerous science fiction theories with innovative ideas in the mass group. In general, the research results of science fiction in China are not inferior to the United States in quantity, but how to make it go through with the science fiction industry to provide the theoretical support for the science fiction industry in our country is still a bottleneck. The first chapter is the classification of the content and subject of the main sci-fi film and television works in the 10 years. According to the conception of this paper, the three themes: the subject of biochemistry, the subject of extraterrestrial life and the popular 鈥渄ead body鈥，
本文编号：2343276
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