哈尔滨市网吧禁烟效果评价

发布时间：2018-03-05 16:02

本文选题：《条例》实施　切入点：二手烟草烟雾　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：背景二手烟草烟雾中含有多种有毒有害物质,二手烟暴露会导致人体多器官和多系统的损害,给人体健康造成严重危害。近几年来,随着多个城市出台或修订地方性控烟法规,我国地方控烟立法工作取得积极进展。2012年5月31日,《哈尔滨市防止二手烟草烟雾危害条例》(以下简称《条例》)正式生效,此《条例》是我国首部符合世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》要求的地方性控烟法规,首次强调了被动吸烟者的权利,接近实现室内环境100%无烟的要求,网吧也在禁烟范围之列。目的评估《条例》实施对降低哈尔滨市网吧内二手烟草烟雾暴露有无效果。方法本研究采用自身前后对比的设计方案,在《条例》实施前1个月和实施后1个月、3个月对40家网吧进行三次重复调查。在下午网吧客流高峰期以上网者的身份,进行现场观察和颗粒物PM2。浓度监测。在网吧内现场观察禁烟标识和举报电话张贴情况、有无烟具、烟头和烟草广告、是否售烟、吸烟情况、对吸烟者是否有人劝阻,同时使用Side Pak AM510个人型气溶胶监测仪对室内PM2.5浓度进行监测,该监测仪由美国专业生产粉尘检测仪器的TSI公司生产。结果 1、现场观察情况：《条例》实施后,77.5%的网吧按要求在门口张贴了禁止吸烟标识,87.5%的网吧在墙上张贴禁止吸烟标识,卫生间和包间张贴禁烟标识数量没有显著变化。72.5%的网吧内仍有烟味,55%的网吧内发现仍有个别的吸烟者吸烟,吸烟者数量较实施前明显下降,但这些网吧内并没有人对吸烟者进行劝阻。55%的网吧地上发现烟头,40家网吧内均不再摆放烟灰缸。《条例》实施前、实施1个月、实施3个月,本研究调查的40家网吧,在调查期间,均没有看到劝阻情况和执法人员对网吧执法监督情况。 2、室内PM2.5浓度监测：《条例》实施前后,各调查轮次间网吧室内PM2.5浓度、平均水平并没有差异。同时分别对《条例》实施后两轮调查中各轮次的网吧门口禁烟标识张贴明显和不明显、室内有无吸烟现象网吧室内PM2.5浓度做t检验分析,结果表明,无吸烟现象的网吧PM2.5浓度确实比有吸烟现象的网吧低。《条例》实施1个月调查时,禁烟标识张贴明显的网吧比禁烟标识不明显的网吧PM2.5浓度低,但等《条例》实施3个月后,禁烟标识张贴明显的网吧与禁烟标识张贴不明显的网吧PM2.5浓度无差异。结论 1.哈尔滨市无烟立法实施后,网吧内禁烟标识数量有所增加,烟具摆放数量明显下降。 2.法律实施一个月后,网吧内吸烟人数有所降低,但由于缺乏有效执法,网吧工作人员也没有对吸烟者进行劝阻,吸烟现象并未禁绝,室内PM2.5水平没有明显下降。 3.法律实施三个月后,执法情况仍没有明显好转。吸烟者违法吸烟没有得到有效劝阻,吸烟情况有所反弹。
[Abstract]:Background. Secondhand tobacco smoke contains a variety of toxic and harmful substances. Exposure to secondhand smoke will cause damage to human body organs and systems, and cause serious harm to human health. In recent years, with the introduction or revision of local smoking control laws in many cities, In May 31st 2012, Harbin City regulations on the Prevention of secondhand Tobacco smoke Hazard (hereinafter referred to as "regulations") came into effect. The regulations are the first local tobacco control regulations in China that meet the requirements of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, emphasizing for the first time the rights of passive smokers and approaching the requirement of 100% smokeless indoor environments. Internet cafes are also in the category of no smoking. Purpose. To evaluate the effect of implementing regulations on reducing tobacco smoke exposure in Harbin Internet cafes. Method. This study adopted the design scheme of comparison before and after the implementation of the regulations, and carried out three repeated surveys on 40 Internet cafes one month before and one month after the implementation of the regulations. Field observation and PM2.Concentration monitoring. Observe smoking ban signs and report telephone posting in Internet cafes, whether there are smoke devices, cigarette butts and tobacco advertisements, whether to sell cigarettes, smoking status, and whether smokers are discouraged from doing so. At the same time, Side Pak AM510 personal aerosol monitor is used to monitor indoor PM2.5 concentration, which is produced by TSI Company, which specializes in the production of dust detection instruments in the United States. Results. 1. Field observation: after the implementation of the regulations, 77.5% of the Internet cafes put up no smoking signs at the door as required. 87.5% of the Internet cafes put up no smoking signs on the walls. There was no significant change in the number of non-smoking signs posted in bathrooms and private rooms. 72.5% of Internet cafes still had smoke smell and 55% of Internet cafes found that individual smokers were still smoking, and the number of smokers was significantly lower than that before implementation. But no one in these Internet cafes dissuade smokers. 55% of Internet cafes found cigarette butts in 40 Internet cafes no longer put ashtrays on the floor. Before the implementation of the regulations, one month and three months before the implementation of the regulations, the 40 Internet cafes investigated in this study did not see the situation of dissuasion and the supervision of law enforcement personnel on the law enforcement of Internet cafes during the investigation period. 2, indoor PM2.5 concentration monitoring: before and after the implementation of the regulations, the indoor PM2.5 concentration of each round of Internet cafes was investigated, There is no difference in the average level. At the same time, t test and analysis of the indoor PM2.5 concentration of Internet cafes in the two rounds of investigation after the implementation of the regulations are also made, which are obvious and not obvious, and whether there is smoking in the indoor Internet cafes, the results show that, The concentration of PM2.5 in Internet cafes without smoking phenomenon is indeed lower than that in Internet cafes with smoking phenomenon. When the investigation was carried out for one month, the concentration of PM2.5 in Internet cafes where smoking ban signs were clearly posted was lower than that in Internet caf 茅 s with no smoking signs, but after the implementation of the regulations three months later, There was no difference in PM2.5 concentration between Internet cafes and non-smoking cafes. Conclusion. 1. After the implementation of smoke-free legislation in Harbin, the number of non-smoking signs in Internet cafes has increased, and the number of smoking utensils has decreased significantly. 2. A month after the implementation of the law, the number of smokers in Internet cafes has decreased, but due to the lack of effective law enforcement, Internet caf 茅 workers have not discouraged smokers, smoking has not been banned, and the level of indoor PM2.5 has not decreased significantly. 3. Three months after the implementation of the law, the law enforcement situation has not improved significantly. Smokers have not been effectively dissuaded from illegal smoking, and the smoking situation has rebounded.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R193.3

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