城市区域易损结构风灾损失分析系统

发布时间：2018-03-25 22:33

本文选题：风荷载　切入点：区域风灾　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市风灾易损结构物是指城市中一些受风易于损坏的结构物,如高层建筑玻璃幕墙、户外大型广告牌、墙体广告、建筑外围装饰物、空调外机以及交通系统和城市绿化等,是城市风灾防御中的薄弱环节。大风可能会致使城市中的行道树折枝或倒伏,大型高空广告牌损坏或倒塌,造成经济损失甚至人员伤亡,这类风易损结构物是城市安全建设中的重大隐患。基于此本文提出基于城市易损结构建模的城市风易损结构物抗风分析方法,同时结合数值模拟风场数据与自动站的风数据,实现对城市区域风灾的损失分析研究。目前大多数研究者对于城市区域风灾的研究仅考虑风速值,尚未考虑区域风场的风向与风易损结构迎风面的夹角关系及易损物自重等对应力计算的影响,本文针对前人研究的缺憾,依据广告设计的标准与实际风场数据加入了广告牌自重与风向的影响,使对易损物的研究更加合理。本文依据风荷载规范、广告牌设计规范、钢结构设计规范、建筑结构荷载规范等国家标准得到符合力学计算要求的风荷载计算方法,以此理论为基础,将常见的城市易损物：广告牌立柱、面板及行道树分别建立力学模型,按照一定的简化原则,对所建模型进行必要的简化并选取合适的模型求解方案,引入数值预报的风场数据与自动站记录的风场数据作为数据源。利用搭建的数学模型对易损物进行力学分析,得到不同类型模型在实际风环境下的应力计算公式。本文借助Visual Studio2008的平台优势结合高效的C++语言将风场数据与风灾易损模型引入系统,实现了研究区域多种类型数据的读取与显示,结合MFC实现了地理图层与数据的放大,缩小和平移等基本操作。最后依据不同研究对象的结构强度,设置一定的限值作为损失等级判定的标准,结合模型最大正应力对城市易损物进行受损等级划分。本文为便于对大数据量数据的快速加载与显示,利用GDI(C++)技术结合窗口坐标映射与双缓冲技术实现地图文档的快速加载与风场数据的窗口可视化。通过插值模块可得到更为精细的包括坐标,栅格位置,RGB颜色配置以及风速与风向等信息,实现了风场数据的精确获取,弥补了风场数据的分辨率低的问题,便于广告牌与行道树等城市易损对象应力的精确计算。将插值后得到的风场数据与模型的计算方案导入到分析平台,可对易损物进行受损分析,并可对视图窗口任何位置的坐标与风数据等要素进行精确查询,得到查询位置对应的各种模型所受应力大小与研究区域易损对象受实际风场影响的受损等级。本文增加了对城市风灾的模拟分析模块,手动输入风速等参数实现对主要城市易损对象最大正应力的计算与受损等级的确定,同时可将模拟分析结果输出,便于结合历史数据与其它来源的数据对结果进行对比,为风灾的精确预报和预警提供支持。
[Abstract]:Urban wind disaster vulnerable structures refer to some structures in the city that are easily damaged by the wind, such as glass curtain walls of high-rise buildings, outdoor large billboards, wall advertisements, building exterior ornaments, air conditioners, transportation systems and urban greening, etc. It is a weak link in the city's wind disaster prevention. Strong winds may cause twisting or falling of roads in the city, damage or collapse of large high-altitude billboards, resulting in economic losses and even casualties. This kind of wind vulnerable structure is a major hidden danger in urban safety construction. Based on this, a wind resistant analysis method of urban wind vulnerable structure based on urban vulnerable structure modeling is proposed, and the wind field data of numerical simulation and wind data of automatic station are combined at the same time. At present, most researchers only consider the value of wind speed in the study of urban regional wind disaster. The relationship between the wind direction of the regional wind field and the angle between the wind direction of the wind field and the upwind surface of the wind vulnerable structure, and the influence of the weight of the vulnerable material on the stress calculation have not been considered in this paper. According to the standard of advertising design and the actual wind field data, the influence of billboard weight and wind direction is added, which makes the study of vulnerable objects more reasonable. According to the national standards such as wind load code, billboard design code, steel structure design code and building structure load code, this paper obtains the wind load calculation method according to the requirements of mechanical calculation, which is based on the theory. The mechanics models of the common urban vulnerable objects, such as billboard columns, panels and pavement trees, are established respectively. According to certain simplification principles, the necessary simplification of the models is made and the appropriate model solution is selected. The wind field data of numerical prediction and wind field data recorded by automatic station are used as data sources. The mechanical analysis of vulnerable objects is carried out by using the established mathematical model. The stress calculation formulas of different types of models in the actual wind environment are obtained. In this paper, the wind field data and the wind vulnerability model are introduced into the system with the help of the platform advantage of Visual Studio2008 and the efficient C language. This paper realizes the reading and display of various types of data in the research area, and realizes the basic operations of geographic layer and data enlargement, reduction and translation combined with MFC. Finally, according to the structural strength of different research objects, A certain limit value is set as the criterion for determining the loss grade. Combined with the maximum normal stress of the model, the damage grade of the city vulnerable object is divided. In order to facilitate the quick loading and display of the large data volume, The fast loading of map documents and window visualization of wind field data can be realized by using GDI(C) technology combined with window coordinate mapping and double buffering technology. More precise coordinates can be obtained by interpolation module. RGB color configuration, wind speed and wind direction are used to obtain wind field data accurately, which makes up for the low resolution of wind field data. It is convenient to accurately calculate the stress of vulnerable objects in cities such as billboards and road trees. The data of wind field and the calculation scheme of the model obtained by interpolation can be imported into the analysis platform to analyze the damage of vulnerable objects. The coordinate and wind data of any position of the view window can be accurately queried, and the stress magnitude of various models corresponding to the query location and the damage grade of the vulnerable object in the study area affected by the actual wind field can be obtained. In this paper, the simulation and analysis module of urban wind disaster is added to realize the calculation of the maximum normal stress and the determination of the damage grade of the main city vulnerable object by manually inputting the wind speed and other parameters. At the same time, the result of the simulation analysis can be outputted. It is convenient to compare the results with historical data and other data, and to provide support for accurate forecast and early warning of wind disaster.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TU352.2

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