论知名商品特有标志的法律保护

发布时间：2018-04-27 08:00

本文选题：知名商品 + 特有标志　；参考：《西南政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 知名商品的标志有很多,除了商标以外,还包括知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢等一切可以将知名商品与其他商品区分开来的标志。商标是知名商品最普遍的标志,相对而言,知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢等则可以称为知名商品的特有标志。知名商品的特有标志实际上扮演着商标的角色,但由于它们并未注册,这些标志是不能受商标法的保护的。商标法留下的空白给了那些“搭便车者”可乘之机,他们通过模仿知名商品的特有标志,模糊消费者的视线,攫取不当利益。这严重侵害了知名商品经营者的合法利益,破坏了公平合理的竞争秩序。为此,知名商品特有标志的法律保护制度应运而生。然而,对知名商品特有标志的保护并不是一个简单的问题,它涉及生产者、消费者等多方市场主体的利益。构建这样一种制度必须平衡各方利益,以免造成对某一方利益的“过度”保护,阻碍公平合理的自由竞争。从更深的层次讲,这样一种保护也涉及自由价值和秩序价值的冲突,涉及个人利益与社会公共利益的冲突,我们的立法必须给它们找到一个平衡点。尽管我国反不正当竞争法第五条第二项(以下简称第五条)的规定有助于这一目标的实现,但司法实践中,第五条的适用仍然存在一系列的问题。比如“知名商品”中的“知名”应该达到一个什么程度,“特有”又该达到什么标准?比如第五条的保护范围是否过于狭窄,有没有“拣了芝麻,丢了西瓜”之嫌?比如获得了外观设计专利的知名商品之包装、装潢,在专利过期后是否还应受法律的保护?这些问题在我国当前的立法中是找不到答案的。鉴于此,笔者通过撰写本文,试图对知名商品特有标志法律保护制度作一个比较完整的梳理,并借鉴国外相关立法的精神和原则,以期对完善我国立法提出一些合理化建议。除了引言和结语,本文一共分为五个部分。第一部分主要介绍了知名商品特有标志的功能,从实践的层面回答了为什么要对知名商品的特有标志提供保护。大体而言,知名商品特有标志具有识别、昭示商品质量、承载经营者商誉、广告宣传以及培育和传承文化五项功能。正是因为知名商品的特有标志拥有如此多的重要功能,才导致了市场竞争中盗用、冒用知名商品特有标志的行为层出不穷。因此,从实践的角度来看有必要对知名商品特有标志提供保护。第二部分探讨了知名商品特有标志法律保护制度的理论基础,从理论的层面回答了为什么要保护和如何保护知名商品特有标志的问题。首先,文章分析了财产的定义及属性,然后对照知名商品特有标志的特征得出结论——知名商品特有标志是一种法哲学意义上的财产。在此基础上,文章又分别从自然法学、经济分析法学和社会学法学的角度考察了对这种财产进行保护的正当性,得出结论——对知名商品特有标志提供保护具备正当性。最后,文章探讨了知名商品特有标志法律保护制度的价值目标,指出知名商品特有标志法律保护制度的构建要平衡各方利益,而最佳效益原则则是评判该种平衡的最高准则。第三部分总结了受法律保护的知名商品特有标志应具备的要件,从司法实践的层面回答了如何保护知名商品特有标志的问题。综合国内外的立法、司法实践,受法律保护的知名商品特有标志一般应该具备下列要件:1.使用在知名商品上;2.显著性;3.非功能性。在具体论述过程中,文章重点对显著性认定标准进行了论证,并分析得出结论——认定知名商品特有标志的显著性时适用第二含义标准更利于信息资源的充分利用以及各方利益的公平保护。同时,文章也强调了证明混淆的可能性在知名商品特有标志法律保护过程中的重要意义。第四部分对知名商品特有标志保护过程中法律适用的相关问题进行了探讨,主要解决相关法律法规的适用范围及顺序问题。本部分的前半段探讨的是反不正当竞争法与知识产权单行法的规定重叠时的适用顺序。本文认为,鉴于反不正当竞争法在知识产权保护中的特殊地位和作用,当反不正当竞争法与知识产权单行法对特定知识产权的保护内容上有重叠的时候,应优先适用知识产权单行法。本部分的后半段主要探讨具备受法律保护的知名商品特有标志要件的过期知识产权是否能继续得到法律的保护。文章经过分析对比后得出结论——具备受法律保护的知名商品特有标志要件的过期知识产权可以继续受到法律的保护。第五部分根据前面的论述对完善我国的知名商品特有标志法律保护制度提出了一些合理化建议。具体而言,包括以下几个方面:1.适当扩大保护范围,将使用在知名商品上具备显著性、非功能性的标志均纳入知名商品特有标志法律保护制度保护的客体;2.明确受法律保护的知名商品特有标志之构成要件;3.厘清反不正当竞争法与知识产权单行法在知名商品特有标志保护过程中的适用顺序。
[Abstract]:There are many symbols of well-known commodities, except for trademarks, including the special name of famous goods, packaging, decoration, etc. all the symbols which can distinguish between famous goods and other goods. The trademark is the most common symbol of well-known goods. In relative terms, the special name of famous goods, packaging, decoration, etc. can be known as the special goods. There is a sign.
The unique symbols of well-known goods actually play the role of trademark, but because they are not registered, these signs are not protected by the trademark law. The gap left by the trademark law gives the "hitchhiker" the opportunity for them to imitate the sight of the consumers by imitating the special signs of the well-known goods and snatching unsuitable interests. The legitimate interests of the well-known commodity operators are seriously violated and the fair and reasonable competition order is destroyed. Therefore, the legal protection system of the unique symbol of famous commodities has come into being.
However, it is not a simple problem to protect the distinctive logo of a well-known commodity. It involves the interests of the producers, consumers and other market subjects. The construction of such a system must balance the interests of all parties so as not to cause the "excessive" protection of the interests of one party and prevent the fair and reasonable free competition. The protection also involves the conflict of free value and order value, which involves the conflict between the individual interests and the social and public interests. Our legislation must find a balance. Although the fifth second items (hereinafter referred to as fifth) in our anti unfair competition law are helpful to the realization of this goal, but in judicial practice, fifth articles are in practice. There still exist a series of problems. For example, what degree should "well-known" in "well-known goods" be achieved, and what standard should "special" be achieved? For example, whether the protection range of the fifth is too narrow, is there any "picking sesame, lost watermelon"? For example, a well-known commodity with a patent for appearance design Should packaging, decoration be protected by law after the expiration of patent? These problems can not be found in our current legislation.
In view of this, the author, by writing this article, tries to make a more complete combing of the legal protection system of famous commodity special signs, and draws on the spirit and principles of foreign related legislation in order to put forward some rationalization proposals to improve our country's legislation.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into five parts.
The first part mainly introduces the function of the unique symbol of famous commodities, and answers from the practical level why it is necessary to provide protection for the special symbols of famous goods. In general, the special symbols of famous commodities have the recognition, the quality of the goods, the reputation of the operators, the propaganda of advertising and the cultivation and inheritance of the five functions. It is precisely because The unique sign of famous goods has so many important functions that it has led to the embezzlement in the market competition and the behavior of the embezzlement of famous commodities emerge in endlessly. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the famous commodity special signs from the practical point of view.
The second part discusses the theoretical basis of the legal protection system of famous commodity special signs. From the theoretical level, it answers the question of why to protect and protect the special symbols of well-known goods. First, the article analyzes the definition and properties of property, and then compares the characteristics of famous commodities to draw a conclusion that the famous commodity is special. The mark is a kind of property in the sense of law and philosophy. On this basis, the article examines the justification for the protection of this property from the perspective of natural law, economic analysis and sociology, and draws a conclusion that it provides the justifiable protection for the special symbols of famous goods. Finally, the article discusses the famous commodity special. The goal of the legal protection system is to mark the value of the legal protection system. It is pointed out that the construction of the legal protection system for the unique symbol of the famous commodity should balance the interests of all parties, and the best benefit principle is the highest criterion for judging the balance.
The third part summarizes the requirements of the well-known commodity special signs protected by the law, and answers the question of how to protect the special symbols of famous goods from the level of judicial practice. The legislation in the country and abroad, the judicial practice, the special symbol of the well-known commodity protected by the law should generally have the following elements: 1. use in the well-known commodity; 2. significance; 3. non function. In the process of specific discussion, the article focuses on the demonstration of the standard of significance identification, and analyses the conclusion that the application of second meaning standards is more conducive to the full use of information resources and the fair protection of the interests of all parties. The significance of the possibility of confusion is important in the process of legal protection for the special marks of famous commodities.
The fourth part discusses the relevant problems of the application of law in the process of protecting the special symbols of well-known commodities, mainly to solve the applicable scope and order of the relevant laws and regulations. The first half of this part discusses the application order of the overlapping of anti unfair competition law and the provisions of the unilateral law of intellectual property rights. When the competition law has a special position and function in the protection of intellectual property rights, when the anti unfair competition law and the intellectual property right are overlapped on the protection of the specific intellectual property rights, the single line of intellectual property right should be applied first. The second half of this part mainly discusses the specific symbols of well-known commodities protected by law. Whether the period of intellectual property rights can continue to be protected by law. After analysis and comparison, the article draws a conclusion that the expired intellectual property right with the unique symbol of well-known commodities protected by law can continue to be protected by the law.
The fifth part, according to the previous discussion, puts forward some rationalization proposals for improving the legal protection system of China's famous commodity special signs. In particular, it includes the following aspects: 1. the proper expansion of the scope of protection, the significance of the use of the well-known commodities, and the non functional symbols are all incorporated into the legal protection of the special symbols of well-known commodities. The object of the protection of the system; 2. clear the constituent elements of the unique symbol of the well-known commodity protected by the law; 3. clarifies the application sequence of the anti unfair competition law and the unilateral law of intellectual property in the protection of famous commodity special signs.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.294;D923.4

【引证文献】