从语用学角度看汉语公示语的英译

发布时间：2018-04-29 20:16

本文选题：公示语 + 文化　；参考：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 公示语的范围很广,凡公示给公众、旅游者、海外宾客、驻华外籍人士、在外旅游经商中国公民等,涉及食、宿、行、游、娱、购行为与需求的基本公示文字信息内容都在公示语研究范畴之内。全国信息与文献标准化技术委员会编写的《国家公共标志设计原则与图形全集》采用的是“标志”一词,定义为;给人以行为指示的由符号、颜色、几何形状(或边框)等元素形成的视觉形象。包括图形标志、文字标志和其他辅助标志。主要用于公共场所、建筑物、产品的外包装以及印刷品等。公示语在规范人员社会行为,调整人际关系,提高生产效率,威慑犯罪,激情励志,优化生存质量,构建和谐社会方面意义重大。建设国际化的大都市,真正做到与国际接轨,需要有良好的国际语言环境。一个城市的汉英两种语言的公示语应用是否广泛、是否规范,翻译是否得当也是城市开放程度的反映和城市整体素质的展现。为成功举办2008年奥运会和2010年世界博览会,北京、上海等国际化都市,以及国际旅游地的公共设施、交通设施、旅游设施将大量采用中英两种公示语。翻译得当的公示语将为来自远方的旅游者、运动员在其步履所及之地,生活所需之时获得食、宿、行、游、娱、购的悉心关照。对公示语的任何歧义、误解、滥用都会导致不良后果。因此加强公示语翻译的研究和采取切实有力的措施来治理和改善公示语翻译的质量,是我们刻不容缓的重要任务。只有认真探讨英语公示语的功能意义和语言风格,才能真正准确发挥英语公示语在我国深化改革,扩大开放,城市国际化进程中的积极作用。公示语的狭小空间,使设计者不得不采用最少的语汇来达到最大的目的,而且,无论是提供信息或警示还是作为广告目的,公示语为发挥其应有的社会语用功能,都必须做到醒目,以便在其受众可以容忍的时间范围内达到交际的目的。因而,成功的公示语几乎无一例外都有简洁巧妙,并且讲究音韵与修辞。笔者认为,作为译者,首先要认真探讨公示语的语言特点和功能意义,更要分析汉英公示语的文化差异。公示语翻译中存在的不仅仅是翻译技巧的问题而且包括对外国文化的了解。因此翻译公示语时,应该将译文读者的文化习惯放在第一位,运用交际翻译的方法翻译汉语公示语,才能得到准确无误的公示语译文,才能净化我国的公示语语言环境。公示语的汉英翻译实际就是基于公示语应用特殊语境和特定功能,特定受众的心理状态和行为需求进行特定信息或文本的功能对等、转换对应的运作。翻译的核心就是“还原事物的本来面目”。如果我们能用另外一种语言还原源语言所描述的事物,就能如实地反映客观。如果用另外一种语言不能还原事物,这种翻译就扭曲了事实,造成信息的错误传达,误导人们的行为。为此,在公示语的翻译中,翻译者必须在分析公示语的字面意义的基础上,研究其语用意义,即原语的功能意义,才能达到翻译的真正目的。无论是对等还是目的(或功能),都意味着译者必须以源语的交际功能或目的为中心进行翻译转换,重在追求效果(功能)上的一致而非字面上的对等。但在传递源语内容的同时,如果能发挥目的语在形式上的优势,尽可能再现其形式之美,使译文与原文充分等效,既重视公示语在目的语中的功能,又达到兼顾内容与形式美的双赢效果,将是公示语翻译的最理想境界。本文拟目的论出发,结合功能对等理论和交际理论,主要从语用学角度探索公示语的英译。本文共有六章; 第一章简单介绍了公示语的定义、功能、现状和研究意义。第二章概述了Nida的功能对等理论,Newmark的交际翻译理论,以及Vermeer和Nord的目的论。第三章论述了公示语的语言特点;中文常用四字格,常从反面表达,多祈使句、主动句,多动态词,;英文文字全部大写,常从正面表达,多用被动句和现在时态,多静态词,使用常用词,不使用生僻词,常用动名词和名词短语、缩略语,文字常配图形。第四章对中英文公示语因为跨文化而引起的翻译中的语用失误进行了比较。第五章列举了一些街头公示语的错误,分析了原因,并提出了改进的建议。第六章对公示语的翻译方法进行了探索并提出了几点建议。最后对总结了公示语的有效的翻译方法。
[Abstract]:The scope of the public signs is very wide. All the public signs are given to the public, tourists, overseas guests, foreign nationals in China, foreign tourists and Chinese citizens. The basic public information content of food, accommodation, travel, amusement, entertainment, purchase behavior and demand are all within the scope of the public language study.
The national public sign design principle and the complete set of graphic works have been used by the National Committee on information and documentation standardization. The term "logo" is defined as the visual image formed by elements such as symbols, colors, geometric shapes (or borders) that are indicated by behavior. In public places, buildings, products, packaging and printed matter.
Public signs are of great significance in standardizing people's social behavior, adjusting interpersonal relations, improving production efficiency, deterring crime, inspiring passion, optimizing the quality of life and building a harmonious society. Building a cosmopolitan metropolis to truly integrate with the international language needs a good international language environment. The public signs of the two languages of Chinese and English in a city should be a public sign Whether it is widely used, whether it is standardized, or whether the translation is appropriate is a reflection of the degree of openness of the city and the display of the overall quality of the city. For the successful hosting of the 2008 Olympic Games and the 2010 World Expo, Beijing, Shanghai and other international cities, as well as the public facilities, transportation facilities and tourist facilities of the international tourist sites, the Chinese and English public signs will be used. The proper translation of the public sign language will be for tourists from far away, the athletes get food, sleep, travel, amusement, and purchase when they need to live in their place, and any ambiguity, misunderstanding and abuse of the public signs will lead to adverse consequences. Therefore, the study of the translation of the public signs and the effective measures to be taken to govern and change the public signs. The quality of the translation of good public signs is an important task that is of great urgency to us. Only by careful discussion of the functional meaning and language style of the English public signs can the positive effect of the English public signs in the process of deepening the reform, opening up and the process of the city internationalization in our country.
The narrow space of public signs makes the designer have to use the least vocabulary to achieve the maximum purpose. And, whether it is to provide information or warning or as an advertising purpose, the public signs should play its proper role in the social pragmatics, so as to achieve the purpose of communication within the tolerable time range of its audience. However, successful public signs are almost without exception. They are simple and ingenious, and they pay attention to rhyme and rhetoric.
The author believes that as a translator, it is necessary to study the linguistic and functional significance of the public signs and to analyze the cultural differences of the Chinese and English public signs. In order to purify the language environment of public signs in China, we can use the communicative translation method to translate Chinese public signs in order to get accurate and accurate translation of public signs.
The Chinese English translation of the public signs is based on the application of the special context and specific function of the public signs, the specific audience's psychological state and behavior needs to carry out the functional equivalence of specific information or text, and convert the corresponding operation. The core of the translation is to "restore the nature of things". For example, we can use another language to restore the source language. What is described can reflect objectivity in a real way. If another language can not restore things, this translation distorts the facts, causes miscommunication of information and misleads people's behavior. Therefore, in the translation of public signs, the translator must study the pragmatic meaning of the language on the basis of the analysis of the literal meaning of the public sign, that is the original language. The function meaning can achieve the true purpose of translation.
Whether it is equivalent or purpose (or function), it means that the translator must translate the translation of the communicative function or purpose of the source language, and focus on the consistency of the pursuit of the effect (function) rather than the literal equivalence. To make the translation fully equivalent to the original, not only pay attention to the function of the public signs in the target language, but also achieve a win-win result of both the content and the beauty of form. It will be the ideal state of the translation of the public signs.
Based on Skopostheorie and functional equivalence theory and communication theory, this thesis mainly explores the translation of public signs from the perspective of pragmatics.
There are six chapters in this paper.
The first chapter briefly introduces the definition, function, status quo and research significance of public signs.
The second chapter outlines the functional equivalence theory of Nida, the communicative translation theory of Newmark, and the teleology of Vermeer and Nord.
The third chapter discusses the language characteristics of the public signs; Chinese commonly used four words, often from the opposite side, multiple imperative sentences, active sentences, and many dynamic words; English words are all capitalized, often from the front, often used in passive and present tense, many static words, and use common words, not to use uncommon words, common geruns and noun phrases, abbreviations, and characters. Graphical.
The fourth chapter compares Chinese and English public signs due to cross-cultural pragmatic failures.
The fifth chapter lists some errors in street signs, analyzes the reasons, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement.
The sixth chapter explores the translation methods of public signs and puts forward some suggestions.
Finally, the effective translation methods of public signs are summarized.

【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H315.9

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