我国器官移植犯罪的刑法规制研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 11:33

本文选题：人体器官 + 器官移植犯罪　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：2007年3月,国务院总理温家宝签发了第491号国务院令,我给出台了《人体器官移植条例》以附属刑法的模式在责任一章中规定了违反自愿原则摘取活体、尸体器官或未成年人器官应追究刑事责任,但与我国现行刑法在衔接上仍存在脱节;买卖人体器官等敏感问题在我国刑法更是没有涉及;另外《人体器官移植条例》规定,医疗机构实施器官移植必须具备法定资质并经许可登记,而我国现行刑法规定的“非法行医罪”主体不包括单位,那么,医疗机构不具备法定资质实施器官移植诊疗活动情节严重的则不能被现行刑法合理规制。因此,笔者建议,在第六章“妨害社会管理秩序罪”第一节“扰乱公共秩序罪”中增设“非法摘取尸体器官罪”;该章第五节“危害公共卫生罪”中增设“非法摘取人体器官罪”,“走私、买卖人体器官罪”和“买卖人体器官广告罪”;目前我国刑法规定“非法行医罪”中的主体仅限于个人,建议增加单位犯罪主体。本文主要研究内容如下:第一章是论文的概述部分,对器官移植犯罪的概念和我国现行刑法对器官移植犯罪的规制作出基础介绍;依据器官移植犯罪的现状将该类犯罪分为违反自愿原则类犯罪、商业性质类犯罪和无资质器官移植犯罪三种,并对我国现行刑法在规制器官移植方面的缺陷与不足作出分析。第二章主要针对器官移植刑法规制的正当性进行了详细的分析,即从理论和现实两个层面来论述器官移植刑法规制的依据。从理论层面来看,器官移植相关危害行为具有严重的社会危害性,器官移植的刑法规制也符合刑法的谦抑性原则。从实践价值来看,器官移植犯罪的普遍存在亟待刑法加以规制,刑法规制是建立器官移植犯罪惩戒机制的重要内容,同时器官移植刑法规制符合国际刑事立法发展趋势。第三章主要是关于我国器官移植刑法规制的缺陷与完善,对器官移植犯罪立法模式进行了分析选择,笔者认为,除充分利用已有刑法的规定外,还应对刑法作出修改,本章对器官移植犯罪的具体行为方式、定罪量刑以及刑法的完善作出分析,认为对器官移植犯罪的合理规制有两个途径:适当修改现有刑法中有关罪的犯罪构成与增设新罪名。并对增设新罪名的法条设计以及罪名在分则中的归属提出了笔者的建议。
[Abstract]:In March 2007, the Premier of the State Council, Wen Jiabao, issued State Council order No. 491, and I issued the regulations on Human Organ Transplant in the form of subsidiary Criminal Law, which provides for the removal of living bodies in violation of the voluntary principle in the liability chapter. Body organs or minor organs should be investigated for criminal responsibility, but there is still a disconnection with China's current criminal law; sensitive issues such as the sale and sale of human organs are not dealt with in China's criminal law; in addition, the "regulations on Human Organ Transplant" stipulate that Organs transplantation in medical institutions must have legal qualifications and be registered with permission. However, the main body of the crime of "illegal practice of medicine" stipulated in the current criminal law of our country does not include units, so, If the medical institution does not have the legal qualification to carry out organ transplantation diagnosis and treatment, it cannot be reasonably regulated by the current criminal law. Therefore, the author suggests that the crime of illegal removal of cadaver organs should be added to the first section of "Crime of disturbing public order" in the sixth chapter "Crime of disturbing social management order". In the fifth section of this chapter, "crimes against public health", "illegal removal of human organs", "smuggling, trafficking in human organs" and "advertising of human organs" are added. At present, the criminal law of our country stipulates that the subject of "illegal practice of medicine" is limited to individuals, and it is suggested to increase the subject of unit crime. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the overview of the thesis, the concept of organ transplantation crime and the current criminal law of our country to regulate organ transplantation crime to make a basic introduction; According to the present situation of organ transplant crime, this kind of crime can be divided into three types: one is against voluntary principle, the other is commercial crime and unqualified organ transplant crime. The defects and deficiencies in regulating organ transplantation in the current criminal law of our country are analyzed. The second chapter analyzes the legitimacy of the regulation of organ transplantation in detail, that is, from the theoretical and practical levels to discuss the basis of the criminal regulation of organ transplantation. From the theoretical point of view, organ transplantation related harm behavior has serious social harm, organ transplantation criminal law regulation also conforms to the principle of modesty of criminal law. From the point of view of practical value, the universal existence of organ transplant crime needs to be regulated by criminal law. Criminal law regulation is an important content in establishing punishment mechanism of organ transplant crime. At the same time, the regulation of organ transplantation criminal law accords with the development trend of international criminal legislation. The third chapter is mainly about the defects and perfection of the regulation of organ transplantation in our country, and analyzes and selects the legislative mode of organ transplant crime. The author thinks that in addition to making full use of the provisions of the existing criminal law, the criminal law should also be amended. This chapter analyzes the specific behavior of organ transplant crime, conviction and sentencing, as well as the perfection of criminal law, and concludes that there are two ways to regulate organ transplant crime: to modify the constitution of the crime and to add new charges in the existing criminal law. The author also puts forward the author's suggestion on the design of the new charge and the attribution of the charge in the subrule.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.3

【相似文献】