基于图像的数控编程研究及实现

发布时间：2018-10-14 10:44

【摘要】： 在广告、模具、标牌、工艺品等许多加工行业中,有时需要根据一幅已有的图像加工相应的零件或产品。为了提高效率、缩短产品周期、降低成本并保证产品质量,需要有一种直接基于图像的加工方法。虽然目前的CAD/CAM集成系统的功能都很强大,但对于基于图像的加工问题,通常没有提供从图像读入到图像处理及矢量化,最终生成数控代码的一体化解决方案。为了解决这个问题,借助现有的数字图像处理技术和CAD/CAM集成技术,对基于图像的数控加工做了深入细致的研究和探讨。总体上分成三个部分。第一部分研究了图像获取与存储、颜色量化和减色、灰度化处理、图像增强、二值化、轮廓提取及细化等数字图像处理技术。采用了索引表细化和数学形态学细化相结合的细化方法。在细化的基础上,提出了点跟踪矢量化方法,优化设计了跟踪方向模板。最后,探讨了仿书法加工方法及图像线条宽度的获取。第二部分研究了基于矢量字符的轮廓加工方法,解决了字符矢量轮廓获取、图元排序、轮廓方向及包含关系判断、轮廓偏移处理及NC代码生成等一系列问题。在轮廓偏移求转接交点时,采用了平面解析几何的方法,使得计算过程与坐标系无关,保证了程序的稳定可靠性。最后一个部分引入了计算机图形学中边表和活性边表的基本概念,建立了适合本课题要求的数据结构及节点表和行切轨迹上节点的左右关系,并通过单调链和单调链表,完善了节点表并建立了所有节点的前后关系,最终解决了型腔行切加工问题。通过对数字图像处理技术和CAD/CAM集成技术的应用和研究,在Visual C++ 2003平台上为本课题编写的程序Art Engraver实现了与本课题有关的所有算法或方法,达到了预期的目标。在每个部分算法或方法的最后,都给出了相应的Art Engraver处理实例,以显示算法或方法的正确有效性。
[Abstract]:In many industries, such as advertisement, mould, sign, handicraft and so on, parts or products need to be processed according to an existing image. In order to improve the efficiency, shorten the product cycle, reduce the cost and guarantee the product quality, it is necessary to have a direct image-based processing method. Although the functions of current CAD/CAM integration systems are very powerful, there is usually no integrated solution from image reading to image processing and vectorization to generate NC code for image-based processing. In order to solve this problem, with the help of the existing digital image processing technology and CAD/CAM integration technology, the image based NC machining is studied and discussed in detail. Overall, it is divided into three parts. In the first part, digital image processing techniques such as image acquisition and storage, color quantization and reduction, grayscale processing, image enhancement, binarization, contour extraction and thinning are studied. The thinning method of index table thinning and mathematical morphology thinning is adopted. On the basis of refinement, the point tracking vectorization method is proposed, and the tracking direction template is optimized. Finally, the processing method of imitating calligraphy and the acquisition of line width of image are discussed. In the second part, the method of contour processing based on vector characters is studied, which solves a series of problems, such as character vector contour acquisition, graph element sorting, contour direction and inclusion relationship judgment, contour offset processing and NC code generation, etc. The plane analytic geometry method is used to calculate the intersection point of contour offset, which makes the calculation process independent of coordinate system and ensures the stability and reliability of the program. In the last part, the basic concepts of edge table and active edge table in computer graphics are introduced, and the data structure and the relations between the nodes on the node table and the tangent locus are established, and the monotone chain and the monotone linked list are adopted. The nodal table is perfected and the relationship between all the nodes is established. Finally, the problem of cavity cutting is solved. Through the application and research of digital image processing technology and CAD/CAM integration technology, the program Art Engraver written for this subject on the platform of Visual C 2003 has realized all the algorithms or methods related to this subject, and achieved the expected goal. At the end of each part of the algorithm or method, a corresponding Art Engraver processing example is given to show the validity of the algorithm or method.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：TP391.41

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