现代汉语量词色彩意义研究

发布时间：2019-02-28 19:29

【摘要】：量词是现代汉语中十分重要的词类,部分量词含有丰富的形象色彩、语体色彩、感情色彩,这是汉语量词的一大特色。本文以郭先珍先生《现代汉语量词用法词典》收录的现代汉语常用量词为研究对象,结合前人的研究,采用认知分析、对比分析和语例分析等分析方法,较为全面地研究了量词的色彩意义。量词的定义经历了不科学到科学的发展过程,量词的定性经历了从作为其它词类的附庸到成为独立词类的发展过程。量词的定义、定性的过程虽然漫长,但意义重大。由于汉语语法结构的独特性、量词系统的复杂性和来源的多样性,对量词小类的划分不能采用语法或语义的单一标准,也不能单一层次一分到底,量词系统的划分须采取多标准、多层次的划分方法。按照上述方法,量词系统可以分为名量词、动量词和复合量词三大类,其中名量词可以划分为个体量词、集合量词、部分量词、度量衡量词、顺序量词、种类量词、容载量词、临时名量词八类,动量词可以划分为专用动量词和借用动量词,复合量词可以按其构成要素分为名量词组合型、动量词组合型、名量词和动量词组合型。现代汉语中部分个体量词、集合量词和动量词含有丰富的形象色彩、语体色彩和感情色彩。研究发现,量词含有的三种色彩意义产生的原因并不相同。量词形象色彩的产生主要源于量词的借用机制,这种借用机制体现了人们的认知特点；根据认知语言学的分析方法,可以将量词的形象色彩分为外观相似型、部分代整体型和动作相关型。量词的语体色彩主要源于语言环境的影响,语言环境中特定的语言体式、风格在量词语体色彩产生的过程中起着主要作用；根据风格的不同,可以将量词的语体色彩分为口语语体色彩和书面语语体色彩,书面语语体色彩又可以分为政论语体色彩、文艺语体色彩等。有些量词还含有丰富的感情色彩,量词感情色彩的产生主要源于搭配对象褒贬属性的影响；量词的感情色彩可以分珍惜怜爱、尊敬赞扬、贬低讽刺和夸张四种。量词的色彩意义是制约名量搭配中量词选择的一个因素,在名量的线性组合中它又是名词、(?)词相互作用的一个焦点区域。量词色彩意义对于近义量词的辨析也有很重要的作用。近义量词的存在完善了量词系统,增强了量词的表达能力。量词的感情色彩和语体色彩是区分近义量词的两个重要方面。现代汉语中量词除充当计量单位外还具有丰富的修辞作用。研究发现,量词修辞功能与量词的色彩意义关系非常密切。从量词色彩意义的三个方面看,量词在形象描绘事物、准确传情达意、塑造人物个性、突出语体风格等方面有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Quantifiers are very important parts of speech in modern Chinese. Some quantifiers contain rich image color, style color and emotion color, which is a major feature of Chinese quantifiers. This paper takes the commonly used quantifiers in modern Chinese included in Mr. Guo Xianzhen's Dictionary of usage of Modern Chinese quantifiers as the object of study, combined with previous studies, adopts cognitive analysis, contrastive analysis and case analysis, and so on. This paper studies the color meaning of quantifiers in an all-round way. The definition of quantifiers has gone through the process of development from unscientific to scientific, and the qualitative of quantifiers has undergone the development from being an appendage of other parts of speech to becoming an independent part of speech. Although the definition of quantifiers, qualitative process is long, but significant. Due to the uniqueness of Chinese grammatical structure, the complexity of quantifier system and the variety of sources, the classification of classifiers can not adopt a single standard of grammar or semantics, nor can it be divided into one level by one end. The classification of quantifier system must adopt multi-standard and multi-level division method. According to the above methods, the quantifier system can be divided into three categories: nominative quantifier, momentum quantifier and compound quantifier, in which nominative quantifier can be divided into individual quantifier, set quantifier, partial quantifier, measure word, sequential quantifier, category quantifier, capacity quantifier. Eight categories of temporary quantifiers, momentum words can be divided into special momentum words and borrowed momentum words. Compound quantifiers can be divided into nominal quantifier combination type, momentum word combination type, nominal quantifier and momentum word combination type according to their constituent elements. In modern Chinese, some individual quantifiers, aggregate quantifiers and momentum words contain rich color of image, style and emotion. It is found that the causes of the three color meanings in quantifiers are not the same. The origin of the color of quantifier image mainly comes from the borrowing mechanism of quantifier, which embodies the cognitive characteristics of people. According to the analysis method of cognitive linguistics, the image color of quantifiers can be divided into three types: similar appearance, partial integral and action-related. The stylistic color of quantifiers mainly stems from the influence of the linguistic environment. In the linguistic environment, the style of language plays a major role in the process of producing the stylistic color of quantifiers. According to the different styles, the language style color of quantifiers can be divided into spoken language style color and written language style color, and written language style color can also be divided into political criticism style color, literary language style color and so on. Some quantifiers also contain rich emotional color, the origin of which is mainly due to the influence of the attribute of the matching object, and the emotional color of the quantifier can be divided into four types: cherishing love, respecting praise, belittling satire and exaggeration. The color meaning of quantifiers is a factor that restricts the choice of quantifiers in the collocation of nominal quantities. In the linear combination of nominal quantities, it is also a noun, (?) A focal area of word interaction. The color meaning of quantifiers also plays an important role in the discrimination of synonym quantifiers. The existence of the synonym quantifier consummates the quantifier system and enhances the expression ability of the quantifier. The emotional color and stylistic color of quantifiers are two important aspects of distinguishing synonymous quantifiers. In modern Chinese, quantifiers not only act as units of measurement but also play a rich rhetorical role. It is found that the rhetorical function of quantifiers is closely related to the color meaning of quantifiers. From the three aspects of the color meaning of quantifiers, quantifiers play an important role in image depicting things, accurately conveying feelings, shaping the personality of characters, highlighting the style of language, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

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