北京地区湿地丛枝菌根真菌及其宿主植物多样性研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 23:18

本文关键词：北京地区湿地丛枝菌根真菌及其宿主植物多样性研究　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国湿地资源非常丰富,湿地在生产生活中的作用日益突出,特别是随着城市化进程的加快,湿地植物在城市景观美化、人工湿地、生活废水处理等的应用越来越多,开发湿地环境中的生物资源显得越来越重要。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌及其宿主植物是湿地环境的重要组分,但目前对它们在湿地环境中的分布特点、影响因素等了解还很少。北京湿地资源丰富,城市化水平较高,湿地植物在景观美化、废水处理、生态环境改善等方面的应用较多。因此,本论文以北京地区主要类型湿地为重点,开展AM真菌及其宿主植物多样性的调查研究,并分析AM形成的影响因素,以其为开发利用北京湿地环境的生物资源提供参考。本研究首先对沙河水库、南海子湿地、奥林匹克森林公园等北京地区主要类型湿地中的水体、植物以及沉积物进取样分析,然后根据分析结果进一步确定以南海子湿地公园和奥林匹克森林公园为重点开展时间序列观察研究。主要结果如下：共在72个采样点采集315株植物,隶属32科49属56种,包括蕨类植物1科、1属、2种,单子叶植物11科、25属、29种;双子叶植物20科、23属、25种。其中,52种植物存在AM结构,比例高达92.8%;50%以上的采样点中均出现AM真菌宿主植物芦苇(Phragmites australi)、香蒲(Typha orientalis),说明两者是北京湿地最常见的AM植物。通过对AM真菌孢子形态学鉴定以及PCR-DGGE图谱分析,发现北京地区湿地环境中AM真菌以球囊霉属(Glomus)和无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)为主,其次是多囊孢霉属(Diversispora)、巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora),球囊霉属为优势属。不同位点AM真菌种类、相似性差异较大。同一位点不同植物根际AM真菌相似性也具有较大差异,最高超过80%,最低不到20%。沉积物理化性质对AM真菌多样性及优势度影响最为显著,NH4+-N、TDP和TOC不仅降低AM真菌的多样性,而且降低优势菌的优势度。AM真菌多样性还受季节影响,表现为春季AM真菌多样性高于秋季。菌根侵染率受水文状况影响较小,受沉积物理化性质影响较大。宿主植物侵染率随着水体中PO43-、TDP和沉积物中TDP的升高而降低,磷一定程度上抑制湿地植物AM结构的形成。沉积物中有机质含量对宿主植物侵染率影响最为显著,有机质的存在促进了植物形成AM结构形成的几率,菌根侵染率还具有一定的季节性差异。
[Abstract]:China is rich in wetland resources, wetland in the production and life of increasingly prominent role, especially with the acceleration of urbanization, wetland plants in urban landscape beautification, constructed wetlands. With more and more applications of domestic wastewater treatment, the development of biological resources in wetland environment is becoming more and more important. Arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants are important components of wetland environment. However, there is little understanding of their distribution characteristics and influencing factors in wetland environment. Beijing is rich in wetland resources, high level of urbanization, wetland plants in landscape beautification, wastewater treatment. Therefore, this paper focuses on the main types of wetland in Beijing, and studies the diversity of AM fungi and their host plants, and analyzes the influencing factors of AM formation. This study provides a reference for the development and utilization of the biological resources of Beijing wetland environment. Firstly, this study provides water bodies in the main types of wetlands in Beijing, such as Shahe Reservoir, Nanhaizi Wetland, Olympic Forest Park and so on. Plant and sediment sampling analysis. Then according to the results of the analysis, it was further determined to focus on the Nanhaizi Wetland Park and the Olympic Forest Park. The main results were as follows: a total of 315 plants were collected in 72 sampling sites. There are 56 species belonging to 49 genera and 32 families, including 1 family, 1 genus and 2 species of ferns, and 29 species of monocotyledonous plants belonging to 11 families, 25 genera and 25 genera. There are 25 species of dicotyledonous plants belonging to 23 genera and 20 families. 52 species of dicotyledonous plants have AM structure and the proportion is up to 92.8%. Phragmites australii, Typha orientalis, a host plant of AM fungi, were found in more than 50% sampling sites. The results showed that both of them were the most common AM plants in Beijing wetland. The spore morphology of AM fungi and the analysis of PCR-DGGE map were analyzed. It was found that the main AM fungi in the wetland environment in Beijing were Glomus and Acaulospora. The next is Diversispora, Gigaspora, and the dominant genus AM at different sites. The similarity of AM fungi in different rhizosphere of different plants at the same locus was also different, the highest value was more than 80%. The physical and chemical properties of sediment had the most significant effect on the diversity and dominance of AM fungi. NH _ 4-Nu _ (TDP) and TOC not only decreased the diversity of AM fungi. Moreover, the diversity of AM fungi in spring was higher than that in autumn, and the mycorrhizal infection rate was less affected by hydrological condition. The infection rate of host plants decreased with the increase of PO43-TDP and TDP in sediment. Phosphorus inhibited the formation of AM structure in wetland plants to some extent. The content of organic matter in sediment had the most significant effect on the infection rate of host plants, and the existence of organic matter promoted the formation of AM structure in plants. There were seasonal differences in mycorrhizal infection rate.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948;X17

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