青龙满族自治县土地利用景观生态安全时空变化与影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-01-20 04:10

本文关键词： RS GIS 格网技术景观生态安全青龙满族自治县　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化与工业化进程不断加快,人类加大对土地资源的索取与改造,对土地不合理的开发利用导致了严重的土地退化、水土流失、沙漠化、盐渍化等现象,这一系列问题已经严重影响到土地利用生态系统及社会可持续发展,因此有关土地利用生态安全问题也成为当前的热点研究课题。景观生态安全是从景观格局角度来研究生态安全问题,将生态安全与景观生态学理论相结合,对区域可持续发展与生态环境管理有着十分重要的意义。文章针对青龙满族自治县的土地利用现状,基于GIS与遥感技术,获取1991年、2002年、2012年三期土地利用数据,通过土地利用数量变化、土地利用景观格局动态变化分析,对青龙满族自治县1991-2012年期间的土地利用变化、景观空间格局特征和演变进行系统、全面的分析,然后以景观生态学为理论基础,运用GIS格网技术,通过建立以景观生态干扰度指数和景观生态脆弱度指数为指标的景观生态安全评价指标体系,对三期的青龙满族自治县景观生态安全空间分布情况进行分析。最后,从人口密度、交通因素、地形因素和植被覆盖度四个方面探讨了研究区景观生态安全变化的主要影响因素。文章主要得出以下结论:(1)1991-2012年间,青龙满族自治县土地利用格局变化较大。总体呈现“三增三减”趋势,耕地、水域、未利用地呈下降趋势,园地、建设用地、林地呈上升趋势。景观格局变化结果表明,斑块的破碎化程度不断提高,分布趋于复杂化,建设用地扩张速度不断加快,人为对景观格局干扰越来越强烈。各景观类型的空间构造逐渐趋于复杂化。(2)运用GIS格网法与景观格局指数法相结合,计算得出每一个网格的景观生态安全指数值,并运用克里金插值法对所计算的景观生态安全指数值进行插值,得出青龙满族自治县1991、2002、2012三期的景观生态安全空间分布图。三期的景观生态安全指数在全县的空间格局分布存在差异性与相似性。相似性表现在三期的生态安全分布均呈现祖山林场、都山林场最高,其次是中西部的小范围地区、中北部地区较高,西部、南部、东北部局部地区景观生态安全等级较低。差异性表现在东部乡镇局部地区景观生态安全水平呈上升趋势,中西部肖营子镇和娄杖子镇、中北部马圈子镇和土门子镇的景观生态安全水平降低较明显。(3)选取人口密度、交通因素、地形因素和植被覆盖度四方面对景观生态安全的影响因素进行分析,结果表明人口密度在一定程度上对景观生态安全水平的提高起到反作用;道路密集的区域由于人为干扰性较强在不同程度上对景观生态安全起到反作用;坡度与景观干扰度指数呈负相关,进而有利于景观生态安全水平的提升;植被覆盖度对区域的景观生态安全水平有提升作用。针对青龙满族自治县的景观生态安全状况,结合当地实际情况,分别对景观生态安全强化区、景观生态安全弱化区、景观生态安全重点提升区三个方面提出具体的优化措施。
[Abstract]:With the city and accelerating the process of industrialization, human demand and increase the transformation of land resources, serious land degradation, leading to the development and utilization of land and unreasonable soil erosion, desertification, salinization and other phenomena, this series of problems have seriously affected the land use ecological system and sustainable development of society, so the problems related to land the use of ecological security has become a hot research topic at present. The landscape ecological security is to study the ecological security problems from the viewpoint of landscape pattern, ecological safety and landscape ecology theory, has very important significance to regional sustainable development and ecological environment management. In view of the current situation of land use in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, based on remote sensing and GIS technology for 1991, 2002, 2012, three periods of land use data, the number of land use change, land use landscape pattern dynamic The state change analysis of land use change in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County during 1991-2012 years, landscape spatial pattern and evolution of the system, comprehensive analysis, and then based on the principle of landscape ecology, using GIS grid technology, through the establishment of landscape ecological disturbance degree index and landscape ecological vulnerability index system for landscape ecological security assessment indicators and the distribution of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County landscape ecological security space three period were analyzed. Finally, the population density, traffic factors, four aspects discussed the main influencing factors of landscape ecological security change covered terrain factors and vegetation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) 1991-2012 years, Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County land use pattern. Great. Showing an overall increase of three minus three "trend, cultivated land, waters and unused land decreased, land, construction land Woodland, is on the rise. The changes of landscape pattern showed that the fragmentation degree of plaque increases, the distribution tends to be complicated, the construction land expansion rate is accelerating, human disturbance on landscape pattern is more and more intense. The space structure of the landscape becomes complicated. (2) using the GIS grid method and landscape pattern index method the combination of landscape ecological security index calculated each grid value, and using the Kriging interpolation method of landscape ecological security index value calculated interpolation, that landscape ecological security spatial distribution map of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County 199120022012 three. The landscape ecological security index of three in the period of the spatial distribution of the differences and similarities. The similarity in ecological security distribution showed three ancestral mountain forest, mountain forest are the highest, followed by a small range in the Midwest region, North Central The southern region is high, West, Northeast regional landscape ecological security level is low. The difference is on the rise in the eastern part of the township local area landscape ecological security level, the Midwest and Xiao Ying Zi Zhen Lou Zhang Zi Zhen, landscape ecological security level of North Central majuanzi town and Tumenzi town (decreased more significantly. 3) selection of population density, traffic factors, topography and vegetation cover degree of four factors influencing the landscape ecological security were analyzed, results showed that the population density in a certain extent on the level of ecological security landscape to improve the reaction; the road of intensive areas due to human disturbance is strong in different extent of landscape ecological security the opposite effect; slope and landscape disturbance index was negatively correlated, which is conducive to the ecological security level to enhance the landscape; vegetation coverage of regional landscape ecological security level has improved In view of the landscape ecological safety status of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, combined with the actual situation of the local area, the paper puts forward specific optimization measures for three aspects, namely, the landscape ecological security enhancement area, the landscape ecological security weakening area and the landscape ecological security key area.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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