办公类建筑的盥洗废水处理作中水回用研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 01:04

本文关键词： 建筑中水盥洗废水混凝沉淀砂滤活性炭吸附　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国水环境污染和水资源短缺严重。为了积极应对这一限制国民经济发展的重要因素之一,建筑中水处理回用开始出现并发挥作用,其有效地缓解了这一棘手问题。办公类建筑中盥洗废水这一杂排水其水质较好,水中各类污染物含量较低,处理工艺较为简单,处理成本相对较低,因此在办公类建筑中对于盥洗废水的中水回用研究有较高的可行性和经济价值。通过对重庆市某办公楼建筑的盥洗废水水质进行测定分析,得出办公类建筑盥洗废水的水质有几个重要特点:水质的可生化性较差,可生化性指数介于0.1-0.3之间,且水中的阴离子表面活性剂含量较高,其含量值介于5.0-9.0mg/L之间,水中各污染物浓度波动较大,针对该类水质的水质特点,论文选择了混凝-沉淀-砂滤-活性炭吸附这一物化处理工艺作为中水处理工艺进行模型的制作。在模型设计制作前主要开展的研究工作有,通过混凝烧杯搅拌实验,分别在各不同设定条件下取混凝搅拌沉淀后的上清液进行COD、浊度、氨氮的测试分析,进而确定最佳的混凝药剂种类、混凝剂投药量、混凝时间、混凝沉淀时间以及混凝温度。得出盥洗废水中水处理模型工艺的主要设计参数:模型用混凝药剂为PAC,模型运行中最佳PH值为6.5-7.5,模型的混凝时间为20分钟,模型的沉淀时间为20分钟,模型运行中环境温度为室温。模型运行结果显示,混凝-沉淀-砂滤-活性炭吸附工艺适用于办公楼盥洗废水的中水处理回用。模型最终出水中浊度、SS、COD、BOD5、氨氮、TN、TP、LAS、铁、锰的含量值分别为0.49NTU、3.13mg/L、35.25mg/L、7.6mg/L、1.4mg/L、2.99mg/L、0.11mg/L、0.92mg/L、0.023mg/L、0.010mg/L。各含量值达到了城市污水再生利用杂用水水质标准中冲厕、道路清扫、消防、城市绿化、建筑施工的水质要求。混凝-沉淀工艺能够有效去除盥洗废水中悬浮物质和总磷,但是对于BOD5、阴离子表面活性剂的去除能力较差。后续砂滤-活性炭组合工艺能够有效去除水中溶解性的有机物,尤其是阴离子表面活性剂,从而使模型最终出水中的BOD5、阴离子等水质指标达到出水要求。本实验研究为办公楼盥洗废水中水处理回用提供了详实的数据依据和实用价值。最后通过工程举例,对办公类建筑中水处理工程中的中水原水、水量平衡、工艺选择及中水供水方式进行分析,得到适合于办公类建筑的中水处理方案。
[Abstract]:The pollution of water environment and the shortage of water resources are serious in our country. In order to deal with one of the important factors that restrict the development of national economy actively, the reuse of water treatment in construction began to appear and play an important role. It effectively alleviates this thorny problem. The toilet wastewater in office buildings is of good water quality, low pollutant content, simple treatment process and relatively low treatment cost. Therefore, it is of high feasibility and economic value to study the reuse of toilet wastewater in office buildings. The water quality of toilet wastewater in an office building in Chongqing is determined and analyzed. It is concluded that the water quality of office building toilet wastewater has several important characteristics: the biodegradability of water quality is poor, the biodegradability index is between 0.1-0.3, and the content of anionic surfactants in water is higher. Its content value is between 5.0-9.0 mg / L, the concentration of pollutants in water fluctuates greatly, aiming at the water quality characteristics of this kind of water. In this paper, the physicochemical treatment process of coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption was selected as the model making of the reclaimed water treatment process. The main research work before the design and manufacture of the model was as follows. Through the coagulation beaker stirring experiment, the supernatant of coagulant agitated and precipitated under different setting conditions was used to test and analyze COD, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen, and then the best coagulant type was determined. Coagulant dosage, coagulation time, coagulation sedimentation time and coagulation temperature. The main design parameters of water treatment model process in toilet wastewater were obtained: the coagulation agent used in the model was PAC. The optimum PH value of the model is 6.5-7.5, the coagulation time of the model is 20 minutes, the precipitation time of the model is 20 minutes, and the ambient temperature of the model is room temperature. Coagulation-precipitation-sand filter-activated carbon adsorption process is suitable for the treatment and reuse of toilet wastewater in office buildings. The iron and manganese contents were 0.49 NTU 3.13 mg / L 35.25 mg / L 7.6mg / L = 1.4 mg / L = 2.99 mg / L. 0.11 mg / L 0.92 mg / L 0.023 mg / L 0.010 mg / L. each content value reached the water quality standard for municipal wastewater reuse, flushing and road cleaning. Water quality requirements for fire control, urban greening, construction. Coagulation-sedimentation process can effectively remove suspended matter and total phosphorus from toilet wastewater, but for BOD5. The combined process of sand filtration and activated carbon can effectively remove dissolved organic matter, especially anionic surfactant. So that the model finally out of the water BOD5. The anion and other water quality indexes meet the effluent requirements. This study provides a detailed data basis and practical value for the reuse of water treatment in office building toilet wastewater. Finally, an engineering example is given. The reclaimed water raw water, water balance, process selection and water supply mode in office buildings are analyzed, and a suitable water treatment scheme for office buildings is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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