成都市主城区景观格局变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 03:25

本文选题：景观格局 + 景观指数　；参考：《西华师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1978～2015年中国城市化率由17.9%上升到56.1%,预计到2050年中国城市化率将达72.9%。随着人口的大量聚集,城市数量和规模不断扩大,城市的自然、半自然下垫面逐渐被不透水地面取代,人工元素取代自然元素,逐渐成为城市景观变化新特征。与此同时,越来越多的城市面临环境污染、资源匮乏、交通堵塞等各种生境问题,这与城市景观格局改变的人为干扰密切相关。在3S技术支持下,选择成都市三环内区域作为研究对象,对1992年、2002年和2014年3期遥感图像进行解译,采取景观格局指数法分析城市景观空间格局变化,选取研究区有代表性的公园、学校、寺院样地,分析其植物种类构成与景观美景度。同时结合自然因子及人文因子等动态数据,探讨影响成都市景观变化的驱动机制,可反映一定社会形态下的人类活动和环境干扰状况。研究结果表明:(1)22年来研究区域建筑物、道路用地呈上升趋势,面积比例分别由32.10%上升至55.24%、2.81%上升至23.27%;而绿地、耕地、水体、其他面积呈下降趋势。建筑物用地一直为区域内的基质景观类型,主要是由绿地、耕地、其他景观类型逐渐转化而来。1992～2014年研究区以建筑物和绿地为主的景观格局转化成以建筑物和道路为主的格局。(2)1992～2014年整体景观形状越来越复杂,破碎化程度上升,香农多样性指数从1.56下降至0.63,香农均匀度指数稍有下降但趋近于1,表明景观异质性降低,各类型分布较均匀且基本稳定,这是人类干扰景观的必然结果。(3)景观驱动机制以人口、经济以及政策等人文因子为主,人口增长是建筑物和道路面积增加的主要因子,产业经济结构变化、地形地貌和气候的不稳定性也对城市景观格局造成一定影响。旧植物的淘汰、新植物的生态适应性和生长状况以及景观设计的人为可控性也是城市景观格局变化的因素。(4)研究区所选的公园、学校、寺院三种样地植物种类共286种,其中乔木为主要生活型。银杏、桂花、黄葛树、紫叶李、杜鹃、紫薇、栀子、美人蕉、麦冬等植物是三种样地共用园林植物,漆树、檫木、扶芳藤、龙舌兰、玉簪等是公园特有植物,厚朴、苦木、橘、枣、茉莉、无花果等是学校特有植物,臭椿、刺葵、黄杨等是寺院特有植物。(5)选择研究区样地71张有代表性的照片,制作问卷调查对研究区内植物景观进行美景度评价。结果表示:SBE值最高照片编号为11号,拍摄于人民公园,其值为10.99;SBE值最低的照片编号为60号,拍摄于活水公园,其值为7.78。植物色彩明度、植物景观层次、植物种类、树形以及植物健康完整状况等都对评价人员评分有一定影响。该研究对成都市三环内公园、学校、寺院园林植物以及植物景观美景度做了调查研究,对成都市植物配置与改造有一定的参考意义,并对成都市景观格局和驱动力进行定性和定量结合分析,以期有效反映成都市景观格局现状,更好理解成都市都市化与景观各要素之间的作用与联系,从而为该区域城市规划提供科学依据和理论支撑。
[Abstract]:The urbanization rate in China has risen from 17.9% to 56.1% in the past 1978~2015 years. It is expected that by 2050, the urbanization rate of China will reach 72.9%. as the population is aggregated, the number and scale of cities are expanding continuously. The natural and semi natural underlying surface of the city is gradually replaced by the impermeable ground, and the artificial elements are replaced by the natural elements and gradually become the new features of the urban landscape change. At the same time, more and more cities are faced with environmental pollution, resource scarcity, traffic jam and other habitat problems. This is closely related to the human disturbance of urban landscape pattern change. Under the support of 3S technology, the region of Chengdu three rings is selected as the research object, and the 3 stages of remote sensing images in 1992, 2002 and 2014 are interpreted and the landscape is taken to take the landscape. The pattern index method is used to analyze the change of urban landscape spatial pattern. The representative parks, schools and monasteries of the study area are selected to analyze the plant species composition and landscape beauty. Meanwhile, the dynamic data of natural factors and human factors are combined to explore the driving mechanism of the landscape changes in Chengdu, which can reflect the human beings under a certain social form. The results of the study showed that: (1) for 22 years, the study of regional buildings, road land was on the rise, the proportion of area increased from 32.10% to 55.24%, 2.81% to 23.27%, while green space, arable land, water body, and other areas showed a downward trend. Cultivated land, other landscape types gradually transformed from.1992 to 2014 in the.1992 to 2014, the landscape pattern dominated by buildings and green spaces was transformed into the structure and road based pattern. (2) the overall landscape shape was more and more complex in 1992~2014 years, the degree of fragmentation increased, the Shannon diversity index decreased from 1.56 to 0.63, and the Shannon evenness index was slightly The decline is close to 1, which indicates that the landscape heterogeneity is reduced and the distribution of various types is more uniform and basically stable. (3) the landscape driving mechanism is dominated by human factors such as population, economy and policy. Population growth is the main factor of building and road area adding, industrial economic structure changes, topography and geomorphology. And the climate instability also has a certain impact on the urban landscape pattern. The elimination of the old plants, the ecological adaptability and growth of the new plants and the human controllability of the landscape design are also the factors of the change of the urban landscape pattern. (4) there are 286 species of parks, schools and monasteries three species of plants selected in the study area, of which the tree is the main tree. Ginkgo biloba, osmanthus, osmanthus, yellow gucet, purple leaf plum, Rhododendron, lerstroemia, gardenia, Canna and ophiopogon are three kinds of garden plants sharing garden plants, lacquer tree, sassafras, tequila, hairpin and so on are special garden plants, Magnolia, bitter tree, orange, jujube, jasmine, and fig are endemic plants of the school, Ailanthus, toon, and boxwood are endemic plants of the monastery. (5) 71 representative photographs of the study area were selected to make a questionnaire survey on the beauty of the plant landscape in the study area. The results showed that the highest SBE value was number 11, the value was 10.99, the lowest SBE value was No. 60, and the value of the plant was the color brightness of 7.78. plants. The landscape level, plant species, tree shape, and the health and integrity of plants have a certain impact on the evaluation of the evaluation personnel. The research has made a survey on the Chengdu three ring Park, the school, the temple garden plants and the landscape of the plant. It has some reference significance to the plant configuration and modification of Chengdu, and the landscape pattern of Chengdu. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the driving force is carried out in order to effectively reflect the present situation of the landscape pattern in Chengdu, and to better understand the role and connection between the urbanization and the landscape elements in Chengdu, thus providing scientific basis and theoretical support for the urban planning of the region.

【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.2

【参考文献】