红塘沟景观评价及多尺度经营研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 00:30

本文选题：流域经营 + 红塘沟　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：关于多尺度的森林经营,在森林生态系统经营和可持续经营的相关指标中都有提及。运用多尺度森林经营的思想,分别从景观尺度、林分尺度以及单木尺度,分层次实施经营计划,目标明确,对指导森林经营管理具有借鉴意义。本文从景观、林分、单木三个研究尺度出发,以河北省木兰林管局桃山林场的红塘沟流域为研究对象,运用GIS技术,结合相关的景观格局分析指标,依据2009年与2013年的卫星遥感影像,以及近年来红塘沟流域的森林经营实践,分别从土地利用类型与优势树种二个级别,对流域内森林景观类型的变化进行比较分析,并从流域、林分与单木尺度探讨多尺度的森林经营技术,以期为本地区的森林可持续经营提供参考。研究结果总结如下:(1)在景观尺度,分析了流域内2009年和2013年两个时期土地利用类型的变化特征,得出两个时期多样性指数分别为5.4198和5.4964,均匀度指数分别为0.8136和0.8186,表明由于近年来研究区受森林经营活动的干预,使得2013年较2009年,景观斑块结构有所变化。两个时期蔓延度指数分别为53.3255和52.9843,表明森林景观破碎度均较高,景观类型呈随机分布趋势。还分析了森林两个时期有林地斑块的变化特征,得出两个时期最大斑块指数分别为2.9087和6.6535,多样性指数分别为4.5208和4.1897,均匀度指数分别为0.9395、0.8798。表明2009年有林地以小面积斑块为主,斑块破碎化程度较高,由于人为干预,各经营措施集中成片分布,2013年存在较大面积的斑块,斑块复杂程度较经营前降低,但也出现不少较细碎的小斑块,致使斑块均匀程度降低。(2)在景观分析的基础之上,提出一些景观经营的计划,确定了森林景观斑块经营迫切性的级别,确立了景观功能区划,在景观廊道的规划中提出了林路建设和河流缓冲区建设。(3)在林分尺度,按照针阔混交、针叶混交与纯林将不同优势树种的林分划分为15种经营类型,并确定了各类型的林分特征与经营目标,提出了各树种一般径材与大径材的目标胸径与经营周期,制定了结构调整、竞争调节、干形培育、健康改善、林下补植等差别化的经营措施。(4)在单木尺度,确定了目标树与景观树两种重点经营对象,并进行了密度分布制图,提出了相应的经营目标与经营措施。对于目标树,确定了目标胸径、目标树选择、标记、保留株数、修枝、竞争调节、采伐利用等措施;对于景观树,确定了林木选择、标记、定位、测量、整形、保护、采挖、建档等系列经营技术。
[Abstract]:Multi-scale forest management is mentioned in the relevant indicators of forest ecosystem management and sustainable management. With the idea of multi-scale forest management, the management plan is implemented from landscape scale, stand scale and single tree scale, with clear objectives, which can be used for reference in guiding forest management. Based on three study scales of landscape, stand and single tree, this paper takes the Hongtang Valley of Taoshan Forest Farm of Mulan Forestry Bureau of Hebei Province as the research object, and applies GIS technology, combined with the related landscape pattern analysis index. According to the satellite remote sensing images of 2009 and 2013, and the forest management practice in Hongtang Valley in recent years, the changes of forest landscape types in the watershed were compared and analyzed from the two levels of land use type and dominant tree species. In order to provide reference for sustainable forest management in this area, multi-scale forest management techniques are discussed on stand and single tree scale. The results are summarized as follows: (1) on the landscape scale, the changes of land use types in the watershed in 2009 and 2013 are analyzed. The diversity indices of the two periods were 5.4198 and 5.4964, and the evenness indices were 0.8136 and 0.8186.The results showed that the landscape patch structure of the study area was changed in 2013 compared with 2009 because of the intervention of forest management activities in the study area in recent years. The spreading index of the two periods were 53.3255 and 52.9843, respectively, which indicated that the forest landscape fragmentation was high, and the landscape types showed a random distribution trend. The variation characteristics of forest patches in two periods were also analyzed. The results showed that the maximum patch index was 2.9087 and 6.6535, the diversity index was 4.5208 and 4.1897, and the evenness index was 0.93950.8898, respectively. The results showed that the forest land in 2009 was dominated by small patches, and the degree of patch fragmentation was relatively high. Due to human intervention, the management measures concentrated on the distribution of patches. In 2013, there was a large area of patches, and the complex degree of patches was lower than that before operation. However, there are many small patches, which reduce the evenness of patches. On the basis of landscape analysis, some landscape management plans are put forward, and the levels of urgency of forest landscape patch management are determined, and the landscape functional zoning is established. In the planning of landscape corridor, the forest road construction and river buffer zone construction are put forward. According to the stand scale, according to coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous mixed forest and pure forest are divided into 15 management types of different dominant tree species. The characteristics and management objectives of various types of stands were determined, the target DBH and management cycle of each tree species were put forward, and the structural adjustment, competition adjustment, dry shape cultivation and health improvement were formulated. On the single tree scale, the target tree and the landscape tree were determined, and the density distribution mapping was carried out, and the corresponding management objectives and management measures were put forward. For target tree, target diameter, target tree selection, mark, number of trees retained, pruning, competitive adjustment, cutting and utilization, etc. For landscape trees, tree selection, marking, positioning, measurement, shaping, protection, mining, etc. Filing and other series of business technology.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S757

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