格式塔理论视角下的长沙市园林树木形态应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 14:13

本文选题：园林树木 + 形态　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：形态是植物的主要观赏特征之一,树木的形态是构建植物空间的关键因素,树木形态尤其是自然形态的审美价值应该受到更大的关注,并充分应用到植物造景实践中。广泛应用于建筑及景观设计领域的格式塔理论对树木形态审美及造景应用有着同样重要的借鉴和指导意义。但目前,相关方面的研究很少。为了探索树木自然形态的审美特征,本文首先调查了长沙市171种常用园林树木(乔木91种、灌木58种、藤木16种、竹类6种)的单株形态数据,并采集了乔木和灌木树种的单株图像信息,统计出各种树形、分枝角类型所占比例、各种花相的树种数量及比例等,为植物景观设计中树木的形态搭配提供参考。从格式塔的整体论、图形背景理论、心物场与同型论的角度探索树木形态的审美规律,总结出长沙市常用园林树木的视觉审美特性,对园林树木的应用具有一定的指导意义。根据树木形态的审美规律,本文运用格式塔相关理论探讨了树木形体配置的方法。运用图形背景理论探讨了主景树与背景树的形态选择和种植形式,得出利用树木的形体、光影、动态与季相等特征进行景观营造的方法;运用群化原则探讨了不同树木形态搭配的要点和方法、林冠线和栽植线的设计、各类植物空间中树木株距与体量的控制；在调查游人对植物群落审美偏好的基础上,运用简化原则探讨了良好格式塔植物群落的立面配置及平面布局,得出通过突出主景、简化群落层次、明确布局形式来营造简洁植物景观的方法。最后,本文通过对湖南烈士公园纪念区和新西兰哈密尔顿花园的树木形态及植物景观格式塔分析,解读了格式塔理论在植物景观设计实践中的体现。
[Abstract]:Morphology is one of the main ornamental characteristics of plants, and the shape of trees is the key factor to construct plant space. The aesthetic value of tree forms, especially natural forms, should be paid more attention to, and fully applied to plant landscape making practice. The Gestalt theory, which is widely used in the field of architecture and landscape design, has the same important reference and guiding significance for the aesthetic appreciation of trees and the application of landscape. But at present, the related research is very few. In order to explore the aesthetic characteristics of natural form of trees, this paper first investigated the individual morphological data of 171 common garden trees (91 species of trees, 58 species of shrubs, 16 species of rattan, 6 species of bamboo) in Changsha. The information of individual tree image of tree and shrub species was collected, and the proportion of tree shape, branching angle type, the number and proportion of various floral tree species and so on were obtained, which provided a reference for the morphological collocation of trees in plant landscape design. From the angle of Gestalt's holism, graphic background theory, heart object field and isomorphic theory, this paper explores the aesthetic law of tree form, summarizes the visual aesthetic characteristics of common garden trees in Changsha, and has certain guiding significance for the application of garden trees. According to the aesthetic law of tree form, this paper discusses the method of tree configuration by using the theory of gestalt. Based on the theory of graphic background, the paper discusses the form selection and planting form of main scene tree and background tree, and obtains the method of landscape construction using the shape, light and shadow, dynamic and seasonal features of trees. The main points and methods of different tree morphology collocation, the design of canopy and planting line, the control of tree spacing and volume in various plant spaces, and the aesthetic preference of visitors to plant community were discussed by using group principle. The facade and plane layout of good Gestalt plant community were discussed by using the simplification principle, and the method of creating simple plant landscape by highlighting the main scene, simplifying the community level and defining the layout form was obtained. Finally, by analyzing the tree morphology and plant landscape Gestalt of Hunan Martyrs Park Memorial District and Hamilton Garden, New Zealand, this paper interprets the embodiment of Gestalt theory in plant landscape design practice.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986

【引证文献】