湖州市生态系统格局与生态承载力演化遥感评价（2000-2014年）

发布时间：2018-05-11 00:42

本文选题：湖州市 + 生态系统格局　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济的急速发展引致一系列的资源浪费、环境污染、生态破坏问题,生态系统动态变化研究成为当下研究的热点。论文采用长时间序列(2000-2014年)多源遥感影像数据(Lansat 5/7/8),基于面向对象分割和知识挖掘的方法系统获取湖州市土地覆被和生态系统类型现状及变化信息,构建生态系统格局和生态承载力评价体系,从生态系统类型与分布、构成与比例、相互转化特征、景观格局特征、生态足迹、生态承载力、生态承载力转移、生态赤字/盈余等方面深入分析其演化过程和变化规律,揭露存在的主要问题,并对湖州市生态环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果表明：2000-2014年,湖州市生态系统结构发生了显著动态变动,2005-2010年变化程度最为剧烈。耕地和城镇生态系统是变化最活跃的类型,随着城市化进程加快,湖州市城镇生态系统不断向外扩张并侵占大量耕地生态系统。十五年来,除了林地生态系统面积略有增加,其他各类生态系统面积均有所减少。监测时段内,景观多样性指数和均匀度指数值上升,景观斑块的分布呈均衡化及均匀性趋势,但斑块密度增加同时聚集度指数下降,长期的人类活动干扰加剧了湖州市破碎化程度。生态足迹需求在2010年前后呈现波动,表现出先增后降的趋势,生态承载力在2005年前后波动,表现出先降后增的趋势。生态赤字／盈余分析结果表明,生态足迹需求高于生态承载力供给,湖州市生态系统可持续性发展遭到严重危胁。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economy has led to a series of problems of resource waste, environmental pollution, ecological destruction and ecosystem dynamic change. In this paper, Lansat 5 / 7 / 8 / 8 / 8 data are used to obtain land cover and ecosystem type information of Huzhou based on object oriented segmentation and knowledge mining. Constructing the ecosystem pattern and ecological carrying capacity evaluation system, from the ecosystem type and distribution, the constitution and the proportion, the mutual transformation characteristic, the landscape pattern characteristic, the ecological footprint, the ecological carrying capacity transfer, The evolution process and change law of ecological deficit / surplus are analyzed in depth, the main problems are exposed, and the scientific basis for ecological environment protection in Huzhou City is provided. The results show that the ecosystem structure of Huzhou city changed significantly from 2000 to 2014. The change degree of ecosystem structure in Huzhou City from 2005 to 2010 was the most severe. Cultivated land and urban ecosystem are the most active types of change. With the acceleration of urbanization, the urban ecosystem of Huzhou City is constantly expanding outwards and encroaching on a large number of cultivated land ecosystems. In the past 15 years, the area of all kinds of ecosystems has decreased except that the area of forestland ecosystem has increased slightly. During the monitoring period, the values of landscape diversity index and evenness index increased, the distribution of landscape patches showed a trend of equalization and uniformity, but the patch density increased and the aggregation index decreased. The long-term disturbance of human activities has aggravated the degree of fragmentation in Huzhou City. The demand for ecological footprint fluctuated before and after 2010, showing the trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and ecological carrying capacity fluctuating before and after 2005, showing the trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The results of ecological deficit / surplus analysis show that the demand for ecological footprint is higher than the supply of ecological carrying capacity, and the sustainable development of ecological system in Huzhou is seriously threatened.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171;X87

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